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EXP 44 Chemical Agents of Control:
Disinfectants and Antiseptics
Part…
EXP 44 Chemical Agents of Control:
Disinfectants and Antiseptics
Part A: Disc Diffusion testing of Disinfectants and
Antiseptics
AGENTS (PART 1)
PHENOLIC COMPOUND
PHENOL
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USE
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0.5% to 1% solutions: Antiseptic effect and relief of itching as it exerts a local anesthetic effect on sensory nerve endings.
CRESOLS
MECHANISMS
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50% solution of cresols in vegetable oil, known as
Lysol®.
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hexachlorophene
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USE
reduction of pathogenic organisms on skin; added to detergents,soaps, lotions, and creams.
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HALOGENS
Chlorine compounds
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Chlorine reacts with water to form hypochlorous
acid, which is bactericidal.
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non competitively inhibits enzymes, especially those dealing with glucose metabolism, by reacting with Sh and nh2 groups on the enzyme molecule.
USE
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Chloramine, 0.1% to 2% solutions, for wound irrigation and dressings.
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iodine compounds
MECHANISMS
mechanism of action is not entirely known, but it
is believed that it precipitates proteins.
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USE
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effective against spores, fungi, and viruses.
AGEBTS PART 2
Heavy Metals
mercury compounds
inorganic
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MECHANISMS
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noncompetitive inhibition of specific enzymes caused by reaction with sulfhydryl group (Sh) on enzymes of bacterial cells.
USE
inorganic mercurials are irritating to tissues, toxic systemically, adversely affected by organic matter, and incapable of acting on spores.
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organic
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mechanisms
Similar to those of inorganic mercurials, but in
proper concentrations are useful antiseptics.
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use
Less toxic, less irritating; used
mainly for skin asepsis.
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Surface-active agents
Wetting agents: emulsifiers, soaps, and detergents
mechanisms
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if active portion of the agent carries a negative electric charge, it is called an anionic surface active agent. if active portion of the agent carries a positive electric charge, it is called a cationic surface-active agent.
exert bactericidal activity by interfering with or by depressing metabolic activities of microorganisms.
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use
Weak action against fungi, acid-fast
microorganisms, spores, and viruses
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Acids
Alkali
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disinfection; however, of little
practical value.
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