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culture and stigma (culture (consideratons (identity, cultural…

- - - - refers to shared concepts of pathology and ways of communicating main features of distress
    - - thinking too much
        
        causative of several interpersonal and mental health problems
  - - - provides culturally conceived eitiology
  - - - visual hallucinations more common in developed countries
      - time context: paranoid delusions more common now whereas grandiose delusions more common in 1930s in US
      - hearing voices
        
        variability in explanation of voices eg US/africa
        
        level of distress caused by voices
        
        some cultures have acceptable period in which voices are liekly to be heard eg kenya
  - - - ATI mental health workers
        
        ATI, trained with western medical skills, point of access into the system
      - working with individuals
        
        specific micro skills required eg eye contact
      - working with communities
        
        awareness of governing systems within community and their protocols
- - - - maintained through social institutions through policy, law and prescribed ideologies that restrict freedoms for some groups
      - varies across time, societies and topics
      - applies to mental illness as well as other health issues eg HIV
    - - describes how societal and interpersonal beliefs and attitudes affect individual
        
        stigma can have direct negative effect on opportunities and tmt
        
        individual may avoid situations due to fear of stigma
        
        May internalise stigma
    - - refers to stigma exhibited by public towards ppl with a mental illness
      - manifests in three ways
        
        attitudes and beliefs
        
        emotional responses
        
        behaviours
      - thought to be particularly harmful and affects all other levels of stigma
    - - stigma experienced by those associated with person with mental illness
        
        public
        
        negative attitudes expressed towards person associated
        
        self
        
        fear of negative stigma and internalised stigma
  - - - informative-descriptive names vs eponyms (named after person that discovered)
      - schz vs informative name
        
        found informative name produced lower feelings of dangerousness but higher feelings of social distance