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Lesson 05: Ecology of Parenting (Research has shown parenting styles have…
Lesson 05: Ecology of Parenting
According to Jerome Kagan, parenting means implementing a series of decisions about the socialization of your children.
Parenting is confusing is because it is bidirectional and dynamic - an adult's behavior towards a child is often a reaction to that child's temperament and behavior, changing with time as the child develops.
Political Ideology: Theories pertaining to government
Autocracy: A society in which one person has unlimited power over others.
Democracy: A society in which those ruled have equal power with those who rule.
Socioeconomic status
Parents of
High SES
have high incomes, engage in highly respected occupations, and are well educated.
Parents of
Middle SES
have medium incomes, business or professional occupations, and a good education.
Parents of
Low SES
have low incomes, hold unskilled or semiskilled jobs, and are poorly educated.
Parenting styles differ according to SES is that families tend to adapt their interactions patterns to the level of stress they are experiencing.
Levine proposed a set of universal parenting goals
Ensure physical health and survival
Develop behavioral capacities for economic self-maintenance
Instill behavioral capacities for maximizing cultural values, such as morality, prestige, and achievement
Parents go through six stages of changes in their expectations and practices for children from infancy to adolescence
Image making, nurturing, authority, interpretative, interdependent, and departure.
Research has shown parenting styles have an impacts on children's behavior, and vice versa, in such areas of attachment, self-regulation, pro-social behavior, competence, and achievement motivation.
Attachment is an affectional tie that one person forms to another person, binding them together in space and enduring over time.
Self-Regulation is the process of brining one's emotions, thoughts, and/or behavior under control.
Prosocial behavior involves behavior that benefits other people, such as altruism, sharing, and cooperation.
Competence refers to a pattern of effective adaptation to one's environment; it involves behavior that is socially responsible, independent, friendly, cooperative, dominant, achievement oriented, and purposeful.
Achievement motivation refers to the tendency to approach challenging tasks with confidence of mastery.