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Community Development Revision (Ethics in community development…

- - - - Principle 2
        -Understand aspiration, dreams and motivations of members of community
      - Principle 3-Understand priorities, not just needs, of members of community
        -Community members have many needs, but they have only a few priorities
      - Principle 1
        -Understand social issues , challenges and problems that exist in community
        -Talk t, and listen to, members of community
      - Principle 4
        -Move beyond needs-based community development
        -Practice asset-based community development
  - - - 2)Causes the community to see themselves as deficient and incapable of taking charge of their lives and community
      - 3) Creates leadership structures that may negatively impact the community in the long term
        -Self-fulfilling prophercy
      - 1) Does not encourage community to be self-reliant
      - 4) Community deals more with external groups than with themselves
  - - - Create conditions necessary for community members to empower themselves and to live with dignity
      - Focuses on tapping what already exists in the commuity
      - Follows the principle of participatory approaches in community development
      - Identifies and mobilizes community members' assets, which are often unrecognized and untapped
      - Community developer does not empower community members
      - Community Developer is only facilitator and catalyst for social change
  - - - 2) Mapping Community Assets
      - 1) Collecting stores of community successes, also known as 'appreciative inquiry'
        -uses storytelling and interviews to 'tease out' these positive memories and past successes
        -Collective analysis of why such successes were achieved
- - - - Well-Informed (Process and nature of interview)
      - Voluntary Participation should not be coerced or deceived
      - Right to Discontinue
      - Private and Sensitive data must ensure anonymity or confidentiality
- - - - Traditional and New Approaches Part 1
        
        Hedgehog and Fox
        HEDGEHOGS:
        a) Ideological- sees solution in 'grand' terms
        b) Specialized- Only knows 1-2 things well, reluctant to listen to views from outsiders
        Problems:
        a) Refuses to acknowledge complexities
        b) Blames failure on bad luck or external causes
        c) Simplistic views of reality
        d) Tends to find knowledge that fits own worldview (confirmation bias)
        FOX
        a) Multi-disciplinary- Gets ideas from other disciplines
        b)Adaptable- find new ways to solve issues or view problems
        
        Project Types
        1) From Scratch: Built with the local community from beginning to end. Allows empowerment (bottom-up approach)
        2) Parachuted: (Top-down approach) Little participation from local groups in the process of decision making. [Most popular approach]
        3) Blackmailed: Community members and leaders request of benefits in return for contribution
        
        TRADITIONAL APPROACHES
        Normal Development
        
        Focuses on big picture
        -Top down planning
        -Focus on aid, usually alot of money
        
        Sometimes causes long term problems
        
        Problems
        a) White Man's Burden
        
        Colonial legacy: notion of power and benevolence connected to white men; white = nurture, solution, help
        
        NEWER APPROACH TO DEVELOPMENT
        Participatory Development (PD)
        -Focuses on collaboration and at times, empowerment
        -Shift knowledge production from experts to those whose lives are affected
        Challenges:
        a) Success dependent on community readiness
        b) Time and cost
        c) Power and Authority