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Employee voice (What? (Informal & discretionary communication by…

- - - - Violence
      - Level of unrest & corruption
    - - Level of peace
- - - - Employee input viewed positively by employees
      - Lack of employee input reduce organisational identification, commitment, trust, job satisfaction & increased turnover
    - - Lack of opportunity can lead to decline in motivation, dissatisfaction, physical & psychological withdrawal
    - - Inconsistency between one's belief & behaviour
    - - Those who value self-control, lack of voice lead to anger
  - - - Increase due to opp. for self-direction & exercising voice
    - - Opp. impact emotion (dissatisfaction, stress) that will influence community engagement
    - - Opp. impact employee cognitive state (cynicism, alienation, helplessness) will influence community engagement
    - - Opp. impact employee behavioural states influence community engagement