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Medicine Through time (PUBLIC HEALTH 1845-1900 (Living conditions in 1845 …
Medicine Through time
PUBLIC HEALTH 1845-1900
Living conditions in 1845
- cramped back- to -back houses , poor ventilation
- Open sewers ( cess-pits) very near water supplies, contaminating water and spreading cholera.
- Laissez fair attitude from the government and the higher class.
- No knowlege of germs.
- Overpopulated/ cramped houses meant disease spread quickly.
1848 PUBLIC HEALTH ACT
- Another cholera epidemic in 1848
- Fear of loosing workers and England's head in industrialisation.
-This health act "encouraged" local authorities to borrow money and improve conditions but little action was taken
- Still no vote for the poor and no inforced laws
EDWIN CHADWICK
- made the link between early death and poor living conditions
JOHN SNOW 1854 -Broad Street
- connected Cholera outbreaks with dirty water.
1975 PUBLIC HEALTH ACT
- "The great stink" 1858
- Louis Pasteur's Germ Theory of 1861
- 1867- working class given the vote.
-COMPULSORY CLEANLINESS ( rubbish collections, sewers, water, street lighting )
TECHNOLOGY
- Sewage systems- Joseph Bazalgette
- Mass production of soap
- Toilettes.
Liberal Reforms 1904-1911
- National insurance
- Pensions
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SURGERY
20th CENTURY
WORLD WAR 1
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BLEEDING = K Landsteiner with Blood groups in 1901, then sodium citrate preventing blood clotting. 1946- National *blood transfusion service
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19th CENTURY
INFECTION
- Louis Pasteur's germ theory of 1861
- Joseph Lister's carbolic spray in 1872 (not pleasent to use)
- William Halsted in the 1880s with aseptic surgery.
PAIN
only amputations and
small tumour removals. people began to experiment
with things like Nitrous oxide ( laughing gas). Ether used but irritated the lungs and was explosive.
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DISEASE AND INFECTION
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FIRST MAGIC BULLET in 1905 - Paul Ehrlich , salvarsan 606 for syphilis.
SECOND MAGIC BULLET IN 1932 - Gerhardt Domagk, Prontosil for blood poisoning.
1848
Limited access to Healthcare, most people relied on Home remedies.
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1948
NHS - 1946, due to the evacuation with children people realised that they needed better healthcare
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WOMEN
Florence Nightingale
- Crimean war- conditions in hospitals
- Notes on Nursing
- 1860- Training school for nurses
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