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Who should be the next King of England? (Battle of Fulford 20 Sept 1066…
Who should be the next King of England?
The 4 claimants to throne
William Duke of Normandy
Illegitimate son of
Duke Richard
, distant cousin of
Edward
ruled Normandy
aged 7
, successful and
brutal warrior, cruel to disobedient
sent Norman soldiers to help
Edward
when
Godwin
rebelling against him. In exchange,
William
claims
Edward
promised him throne when died
Normans claimed
Harold Godwinson
visited
William
in
1064
, swore
oath of fealty
to
William's
claim to throne
Harold Hardrada
distant relative of
King Canute
, father
Magnus
initially promised throne by
Add to dictionary
King of Norway for 20 years
Excellent warrior
, settled disputes w/ force
support of
Godwinson's brother, Tostig
sacked as Earl of Northumbria and keen to regain power
Tostig
told
Hardrada
would help him claim throne, getting support in North w/ Scandinavian roots
Harold Godwinson
not blood relative
of
Edward
, family tried to overthrow him
support of the
Witan
and
English Earls
, richest man in Eng.
-proved himself as
sub-regulus
,
skilled military leader
, defended against Welsh rebellions
claimed
Edward
promised him throne on
death bed
claimed promise made to
William
true but as person not King, said forced as prisoner to make promise so didn't count
crowned
6 Jan 1066
, hasty succession shows insecure about claim
strongest candidate,
William's biggest competition
Edgar Aetheling
King Edward's closest blood relative
, grandfather
Edward's
half brother
taken by
Edward's
family
an AS so
supported by English Earls
14 in 1066
no money,
no military experience
how the 2 sides prepared for battle
Saxons/
Harold
The Navy
demanded ships and sailor across UK
never had navy before
-As sources
response huge
stations navy on South Coast waiting for
William
The Army
house Carls
- small band of professional soldiers, good but pricey
Thegns
- Lords called by King to fight
Fyrd
- inexperienced, ordinary called to fight
Normans/
William
The Navy
never had navy before
-asked people to provide ships for them
response not quick enough
spent time building ships
700
in end
The Army
called on Lords to bring their
Knights
gradually trained and assembled
7,000 soldiers, inc. archers
cavalry soldiers, 3000 horses
Castles
secure their position
post invasion,
keep troops safe, control surrounding land
transported
ready to assemble
, wood already cute right sizes, inc. bolts
how the Saxons defeated the Vikings
Godwinson
defeating
Hardrada
helped eliminate rivals but undid prep. that waited for
William
to invade
Godwinson's
army in position several months, too pricey to do nothing and
Fyrd
needed to harvest their crops so sent all home
Meanwhile,
William
waits other side of channel for right sailing conditions,
Hardrada and Tostig
landed @ York w/
300ships and 8,000 soldiers
Battle of Fulford
20 Sept 1066
Hardrade and Tostig
defeat
Earls Edwin and Morcar
, city of York surrenders
Harold
hears and marches army North
200 miles in 5 days
25 Sept 1066
-
Godwinson
surprises
Hardrada
at
Battle of Stamford Bridge
knew
Godwinson
would come, but not so soon
Vikings camped opposite side of river but left bridge undefended
long and bloody battle
Godwinson won
,
Hardrada and Tostig
killed
Godwinson short victory,
28 Sept, William
and N forces land on South Coast @
Pevensy** building 'flatpack' castles and terrorise locals
Godwinson hears of this and marches
exhausted soldiers** back to London and tries to gather new army
over confident
in victory,
underestimates
how well
William
is prepared