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Air & The Respiratory System (Organs (Lungs (Contains air sacs, Allows…
Air & The Respiratory System
The components of air
Is a mixture of gases which is Earth's atmosphere
Moving air is known as wind
Is made up of 78%
nitrogen
Is the most abundant gas in the air
Does not support burning
Is made up of 21%
oxygen
Essential for all living things for life processes such as respiration
Is a product of photosynthesis
Is needed for burning
Is made of 0.03%
carbon dioxide
Is given off when living things carry our life processes or when things burn or decay
Used by plants to make food during photosynthesis
The exchange of gases maintains a healthy balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the air
The rest is made of
water vapour and rare gases
Breathing V.S. Respiration
Breathing
Involves the nose, mouth, windpipe, diaphragm and lungs
Role of Oxygen: Taken in as part of the air breathed in
Taking in and giving out of air
Role of Carbon Dioxide: Given off as part of the air breathed out
Respiration
Involves all living cells of the body
Role of Oxygen: Used to break down food and release energy
Is the reaction in the cells when oxygen and nutrients are used to produce carbon dioxide and energy
Role of Carbon Dioxide: Produced when food is broken down
Breathing In (inhaling) V.S. Breathing Out (exhaling)
Inhaling
Is the physical act of taking in air
Body takes in air for respiration
Contains less carbon dioxide, water vapor and heat, but more oxygen
When breathing in, the ribs move out and upwards, the diaphragm moves downwards, the chest expands, air rushes in the body through the nose and mouth which is cleaned, warmed and moistened in the nose and moves down the windpipe and air tubes into the lungs. The air tubes branch further and end in air sacs that have rich supply of blood vessels
Exhaling
Is the physical act of giving out air
Body gives out carbon dioxide produced during respiration
Contains more carbon dioxide, water vapor and heat, but less oxygen
In the lungs, oxygen from the air breathed in passes through the walls of the air sacs into the blood vessels which transports the oxygen to all parts of the body while carbon dioxide passes from the blood vessels into the air sacs. The ribs move in and downward, the diaphragm moves upwards, the chest become smaller and air is forced out of the lungs by the chest muscles.
Organs
Pathway taken by air: Air ➡️ Nose ➡️ Windpipe ➡️ Air Tubes ➡️ Air Scas in the Lungs
All the cells require oxygen and we get the oxygen through breathing in the air
Nose
Allows air to enter and leave the body
Contains hair and mucus to trap the dirt in the air
Air that passes through is also warmed and moistened
Windpipe
Transfers the air from the nose to the air tubes
Air tubes
Windpipe branches into two smaller air tubes which transports the air to the lungs
Lungs
Contains air sacs
Allows exchange of gases in the air sacs
Pick up oxygen from inhaled air
Pass carbon dioxide into exhaled air
Air sacs
Have a rich supply of blood vessels
Increases the surface are for exchange of gases
Absorbs oxygen which passes through the walls of air sacs into the blood vessels
Carbon dioxide passes through fro, the blood vessels into the air sacs
Diaphragm
Most important muscle used for breathing
Separates the chest cavity from the abdomen
How do animals and plants exchange gases with their surroundings?
Insects/ Arachnids
Openings that lead to tubes which carry oxygen to their internal organs (breathing tubes)
Fish
Take in water in the water through their gills
Water containing dissolved oxygen enters the mouth of the fish. It washes over the gills and the oxygen enter the blood in the gills
As water flows out from under the gill covers, carbon dioxide from the blood is carried away
Birds
Have lungs and they take in air through their nostrils
Mammals
Have lungs and they take in air through their nostrils
Some mammals (e.g. Whales & Dolphins) also have lungs but they breathe through blowholes on top of their heads
Amphibians
Lungs and skin
Some amphibians (e.g. Salamander) take in oxygen through their gills
Plants
Have tiny openings called stomata which are mostly found on the underside of the leaf. They use these for gaseous exchange.
During respiration throughout the day, plants take in carbon dioxide and produce oxygen.
Stomata are mostly found on the underside of the leaf, away from direct sunlight to prevent water from evaporating (transpiration)