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the lithosphere (mineral exploitation - survey technique (IR spectroscopy…
the lithosphere
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mineral exploitation
the mineral deposits in the crust can be categorised according to whether the technology exists to exploit them and whether this exploitation would be economically viable
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resource = all the materials that it theoretically available for exploitation - includes deposits that can be exploited now or in the future
reserve = the amount of the resource that can be exploited now, economically, using existing technology
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alluvial deposits
materials that were carried and separated by flowing water = gold, diamond, gravel, sand, clay
evaporites
evaporated water = leaving crystallised minerals = halite = form in inland seas in desert areas as the water from inflowing rivers evaporate
secondary enrichment
many economically important metals can form minerals that are soluble or insoluble depending upoon the conditions, especially the availability of oxygen
may be transported in solution, by moving water, and then deposited as their oxidation state changes
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LITHOSPHERE IS MADE UP OF THE SOLID CRUST AND UPPER MANTLE. IT INCLUDES THE ROCKS, MINERAL RESOURCES AND SOLIDS THAT PROVIDE ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES AND SERVICES THAT ARE IMPORTANT TO HUMAN SOCIETIES