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Rio de Janeiro challenges and opportunities (Economic Challenges…
Rio de Janeiro challenges and opportunities
Background of Rio
In brazil, grown around a natural bay called Guanabara
Main service industries - banking, finance and insurance
produces 5% of Brazils Gross domestic product
stunning natural surroundings, most visited place in the southern hemisphere
Why Rio has grown
Second largest city in Brazil
in 2014 population of 6.5 million and 12.5 in surrounding area
Grown rapidly in the last 50 years becoming major industrial, administrative, commercial and tourist centre
Economic activities
Social Challenges
Health care
in 2013 55% of the city had a local family health clinic
Services for pregnant women and the elderly were very poor especially in west zone
life expectancy in west zone is 45
Solution- 8000 people live in the favela Santa Marta favela is on a steep hill and the nearest hospital is 13km away. medical staff took a health kit and found 20 different diseases and were able to treat them
Education
compulsory for children aged 6-14 in Rio, only half of the children carry on and many of those who drop out get involved with drugs
Solution- more people now volunteer to help in schools
Giving poor families school grants to help keep their children in education
Making money so people could have free lessons in various sports
Water supply
around 12% of people did not have access to running water. Around 37% of water is lost through leaking pipes
Solution- 7 new treatment plants were built between 1998 and 2014 and over 300km of pipes were laid.
By 2014 95% of Rios population had a mains water supply
Energy
Whole cities suffers blackouts due to a shortage of electricity
Growth of population and Olympics will make it worse
Many poor parts of Rio get their electricity illegaly
Solution - Installing 60km of new power lines
Building a new Nuclear Generator
Developing the new simpilicio hydroelectric complex which will increase Rios supply of electricity by 30%, it took 6 years to build and cost over US$2billion
Environmental Challenges
Air Pollution
causes around 500 deaths per yaer
Heavy traffic causes build up of exhaust and fumes mist from the Atlantic mix with this
Traffic congestion
Steep mountains- roads can only be built on coastal lowland. main transport routes become congested
number of cars have grown by 40% in the last decade
Solutions for air pollution and traffic congestion - expansions of the metro system under Guanabara Bay, to south Zone
new toll roads into city centre
Water Pollution
Commercial fishing has declined by 90% in the last 20 years, could effect beaches - less tourism
Many of the 55 rivers flowing in the bay are polluted by run off from open sewers in the favelas
over 200 tonnes pours into the bay each day
ships empty fuel into the bay, no facilities to dispose the fuel properly
Solution-over sears aid has been used to reduce the amount of sewage being released in the bay
ships are fined if caught disposing fuel
5km of new sewage pipes have been installed around polluted areas
Waste pollution
Mostly comes from the favelas - many are built on steep slopes, no proper roads makes it hard for waste collection lorries to collect the waste- most waste is dumped and pollutes the water, causes cholera
Solution - A power plant has been set up near university of Rio using methane (biogas) from rotting rubbish, consumes 30 tonnes of rubbish a day and produces enough for 1000 homes
Economic Challenges
Opportunities
many industrial areas and this creates jobs, wages here tend to be significantly higher than rural areas
Rio is a Port it can trade internally with some ease and he manufacture goods meaning it produces a lot more
Informal Economy
Where people get jobs however they can. They are untaxed and not monitored by the government e.g street vendor, maids
Formal Economy
This is where people have contracted jobs with set wages and benefits e.g teachers, health workers
Challenges
Unemployment in Rio
Brazil is currently in the midst of recession. This creates unemployment and further widens the gap between the rich and the poor in Rio.
The richest 1% earn 12% of total income whereas the poorest 50% earn only 13%
In wealthy areas unemployment figures are 2% in the poorest this reaches 35%
Schools of tomorrow programme
Give schools in bad areas more and better resources
make going to school fun
Drop out rates have decreased by 37%