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Chemistry Topic 8 (Hydrocarbons (Crude oil (Contains useful compounds and…

- - - - CnH2n+2
      - Methane
      - Propane
      - Ethane
      - Butane
      - Pentane
      - Hexane
    - - Differ by CH2
      - Have the same general formula
      - Shows a gradual variation in Physical properties (e.g. boiling points
      - Have similar chemical properties
  - - - Fractional distillation of crude oil
        
        Crude oil put into the column
        
        Heated and vapourises
        
        As you go further up the column, it gets cooler
        
        The compounds in crude oil will cool and condense depending on their boiling points
        
        Longer chains condense at the bottom as it is hotter ans shorter chains condense at the top as it is cooler.
        
        Some hydrocarbons will stay as a liquid
    - - Gases
        
        For domestic heating and cooking
      - Petrol
        
        Fuel for cars
      - Kerosene
        
        Fuel for planes
      - Diesal oil
        
        Fuels for trains and cars
      - Fuel oil
        
        Fuel for large ships and power stations
      - Bitumen
        
        Surfacing for roads and roofs
      - As you go from bitumen to gases:
        
        The boiling point decreases
        
        The molecule is easier to ignite
        
        The viscosity decreases
        
        It flows easier
    - - No longer being made or being made slowly
  - - - Makes the soil acidic, killing trees (stops producing oxygen)
      - Pollutes the sea making it acidic and killing sea creatures
      - Statues weather because of the acid rain
      - Quickens the process of corrosion of metals
- - - - Carbon
        
        Carbon blocks pipes carrying away waste gases, blackens buildings and causes breathing problems
      - Carbon monoxide
        
        Carbon monoxide binds with haemoglobin in red blood cells which stops oxygen from combining. This spreads around the body
        
        Causes sleepiness, unconsciousness and death