1a States of matter
Three states of matter
liquid
gas
solid
Movement: Only vibrates do not move. Moves quickest
Energy: Lowest energy
Arrangement: regular compact, no spaces
Movement: slower, movement free to swap position
Energy: moderate
Arrangement: Particles touch but there are some spaces.
Movement: Move freely and randomly and rapidly. Moves slowest
Energy: very high
Arrangement: lots of spaces, particles far apart.
What happens in a solid
solids have a fixed shape and volume (where the volume depends on the number of particles and the space between them.)
Particles have no space to move into because they are tightly packed together.
solids cannot be compressed
Particles are very close together and have no spaces to move.
Solids only expand a little when heated
They are tightly packed together and they vibrate a little more so expand slightly.
What happens in a liquid
liquids have a fixed volume
Most particles are touching but not all can move to fill the container.
Liquids do not have a fixed shape ( which depends on the position of the particles)
particles free to move past each other due to gaps
Liquids can flow
The particles are free to swap position
What happens in a gas
Gases can be easily compressed
Gases always fill up the available space
Lots of energy the particles move very fast.
Move freely and rapidly. Movement is very random and very little forces of attraction between particles
Gases can be easily compressed
Lots of spaces for the particles to be compressed.
experiment
dilution of coloured solutions using KMNO4
The particles of the KMNO4 (element) are responsible for the colour. As the solution becomes more dilute the number of coloured KMNO4 (element) particles in the same volume decrease, hence the solution becomes lighter with successive dilutions.
Diffusion of Gases with NH4CL AND HCL
ammonia and hydrochloric acids
definitions
Bromine and air
Even though bromine gas is denser than air, the random movement of particles is still occurring in all directions, so the bromine gas still diffuses upwards despite its density. The air and bromine particles will completely mix.
Two gases diffuse. Less dense gases can diffuse more quickly. The white solid NH4CL forms closer to the HCL end. The HCL (g) is more dense than NH4CL. The HCL moves more slowly than the NH4CL.
solvent= The liquid a solute dissolves in.
solubility curve= A graph showing how the solubility of a solute in a particular solvent changes with temperature
solution= The mixed formed when a solute dissolves in a solvent.
Solute= The substance that dissolves in a solvent.
solubility= The mass of solute which must dissolve in 100g of solvent to form a saturated solution at a particular temperature.
saturated solution= A solution that contains as much dissolved solid as possible at a particular temperature