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SCI2010 Scientific Thinking Week 1 (Lecture Two (Types of truth…
SCI2010
Scientific Thinking
Week 1
Lecture One
A good theory
Accurately describes
a large class of
observations
Makes definite predictions
about the future
The scientific method
Select topic
Hypothesis
Experiment
and observe
Theory/model to
explain results
Predictions
Peter Doherty
Hypothesis
Experiment
Publish
Discuss
Lecture Two
Scientific Thinking
Rationalism
Deductive reasoning
Given that
a and b (premises)
then c (conclusion)
Arguments
Valid
All steps are correct,
but if premises are incorrect
then conclusion is incorrect
Sound
Valid and sound
premises are true
Broken logic
Inductive reasoning
Skepticism
Always question
See all the data
Empiricism
Data
weight of evidence
Verification
Controlled experiements
Objective
No bias
Replication
Always true?
Cognitive Dissonance:
Mental stress or discomfort from
holding 2 or more contradicting
ideas at the same time
Acceptance = dissonance
Confirmation bias
Accept some deny others
Denial
The scientific process
Peer-review
Mathematics
Technology
Types of truth
Correspondence
theory of truth
True proposition
or false proposition
X or Y
Coherence theory
Truth of a belief
has to be consistent
with other theories
Pragmatic truth
Subjective truth
Relativism
Deductive/Inductive