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How can eating meat affect the blood clotting ability of those with blood…
How can eating meat affect the blood clotting ability of those with blood disorders?
Hypotheses
Hypothesis 1: Eating meat allows the blood to clot properly
Hypothesis 2: Eating meat hinders the blood’s ability to clot properly
Important words
Defintions
Platelets: see bottom left
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Coagulate: blood clotting
Prothrombin time (PT): "The period required by the body, through the action of the thrombopoietin protein, to initiate clotting." (Davies)
Von Willebrand factor
"essential for platelet adhesion and helps to transport factor VIII in the blood" (Hitch, "Von Willebrand Disease 101")
"The large glycoprotein that binds to other proteins, especially blood factor VIII, during coagulation." (Davies)
Antifibrinolytics: "stabilize a clot by preventing it from breaking down too early, which would cause bleeding" (Hitch, "Von Willebrand Disease 101")
Desmopressin (DDAVP): "a synthetic vasopressin... used to treat mild hemophilia A;" "triggers release of stores of certain clotting factors from blood-vessel walls into the bloodstream, temporarily increasing factor levels and stopping or preventing bleeding" (Hitch, "What Every Nurse should know about Hemophilia")
Blood problems
Clotting disorders
Pulmonary embolism (Davies)
Stroke (Davies)
Heart attack (Davies)
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) (Davies)
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Thrombophlebitis (Davies)
Bleeding disorders
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) (White 74)
No dense bodies (White 76)
"chains and clusters in 3-4% of their platelets" (White 76)
Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) (White 74)
"have giant lysosomes in thier granulocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes, platelets and macrophages, as well as in cells of many other tissues" (White 77)
Little to no dense bodies (White 77)
"chains and clusters in about 2-3% of their platelets" (White 77)
Platelet storage pool disease (White 74)
"cells are markedly deficient or lack dense bodies" (White 74)
"5-6% of their platelets contain electron-dense chains and clusters" (White 77)
Hemophilia
"It causes prolonged bleeding, which may arise spontaneously or follow surgery or trauma." (Hitch, "What Every Nurse should know about Hemophilia")
Excessive bleeding; absence of the von Willebrand factor (Davies)
Mostly internal bleeding (Hitch, "What Every Nurse should know about Hemophilia")
Types
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A: "a deficiency of coagulation factor VIII" (Hitch, "What Every Nurse should know about Hemophilia")
B: "a deficiency of coagulation factor IX" (Hitch, "What Every Nurse should know about Hemophilia")
Bleeding disorders: "lead to prolonged bleeding due to inability to form a strong clot. The inability stems from a missing protein or dysfunction of one of the blood substances that promote clotting." (Hitch, "What Every Nurse should know about Hemophilia")
Basic questions
How do blood clots work?
Blood vessels detect a puncture in them (Davies)
*Blood clotting is monitored inside the body to ensure that over clotting or excessive bleeding don't occur (Davies)
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Platelets are released (Davies)
The platelets elongate themselves to "patch" the wound (Davies)
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The platelets release proteins (Davies)
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What are platelets?
The factor that helps the blood clot (see above)
They contain chains and clusters (White 74)
Present in 5% of normal adult platelets (White 75)
Clusters do not identify age (White 75)
Chains are not correlated to platelet disorders (White 75)
"the blood cells that are primarily responsible for the body's defensive response to the injury" (Davies)
"formed from megakaryocytes, fragments of bone marrow cells" (Davies)
Questions
Clotting disorders to investigate further/ possible answers to question
Hemophilia
"(arthritis, hepatitis, human immunodeficiency virus [HIV], and chronic pain) are common in adults with hemophilia" (Hitch)
"about 20,000 Americans currently have hemophilia" (Hitch)
Genetics of Hemophilia
X-linked recessive disorder
1/3 of hemophilia comes from random genetic mutations (Hitch)
Current Solutions
Blood/ plasma transfusions (more antiquated) (Hitch)
"Factor replacement products" that replace factors VIII and IX (Hitch)
Some people can develop antibodies that make bleeding even harder to stop (Hitch)
Hormone therapy
Oral contraception (Hitch)
Medroxyprogesterone injections (Hitch)
Desmopressin (Hitch)
Aminocaproic acid (Amicar) for mucosal bleeding (Hitch)
Aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications can cause people with Hemophilia to bleed even more (Hitch)
Levels of Hemophilia severity
Severe
Factor level <1% (Hitch)
"causes spontaneous bleeding into the joints or soft tissues and prolonged bleeding after surgery or trauma" (Hitch)
Moderate
Factor level 1%-5% (Hitch)
"causes occasional spontaneous bleeding and prolonged bleeding after surgery or trauma" (Hitch)
Mild
Factor level 6%-50% (Hitch)
"usually causes prolonged bleeding after trauma or surgery, but no spontaneous bleeding" (Hitch)
Normal
Factor level 50-150% (Hitch)
Factor level indicates factors VIII and XI in the body
Internal bleeds (head, eye, neck, throat, abdominal, joint, muscle, soft-tissue, and mucosal, among others) are more common than external bleeds (Hitch)
Dense Granule Volume Platelet Deficiency (a platelet storage pool disease)
Is Dense Granule Volume Platelet Deficiency too specific? When I researched, I couldn't find anything specifically on this.
Von Willebrand Disease
1% of people have this disease (Hitch)
"most common inherited bleeding disorder" (Hitch)
Little to no amounts of the Von Willebrand factor present (Hitch)
"can be inherited from either parent" (Hitch)
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Types of Von Willedbrand Disease
Type 1
Most common (Hitch)
"low levels of von Willebrand factor" (Hitch)
"low levels of factor VIII" (Hitch)
Mild symptoms (Hitch)
Type 2
"normal amount of VWF, but the factor doesn't function properly" (Hitch)
Different genetic mutations for each type of Type 2 Von Willebrand Disease (Hitch)
"mild to moderate bleeding problems" (Hitch)
Type 3
Rare (Hitch)
Have to have two parents with Von Willebrand Disease (Hitch)
"little or no von Willebrand factor" (Hitch)
"low levels of factor VIII" (Hitch)
"severe and requires a more aggressive treatment plan" (Hitch)
Current Solutions
Hormone treatments, especially oral contraceptives (Hitch)
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Desmopressin (DDAVP) (Hitch)
"Replacement factor made from plasma-derived concentrates" (Hitch)
Antifibrinolytics
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Aminocaproic acid (Hitch)
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Tranexamic acid (Hitch)
Once again, taking "aspirin and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDS)" can make a person with Von Willebrand Disease bleed more (Hitch)
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Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS)
I don't know much about this topic. I don't know if it will help with my research. Look into it though.
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS)
I don't know much about this topic. I don't know if it will help with my research. Look into it though.
How does eating meat affect the blood's ability to clot properly? (in ManageBac)
Too vague and broad
I want to understand the real life applications of meat's effect on blood clotting, not the general idea of it
How can eating meat affect the blood clotting ability of those with blood clotting disorders?
Looks more at what I want to: the real life application
How can eating meat affect the blood clotting ability of those with blood disorders?
Does removing the term "clotting" make the question too broad?
If I change the wording, I can look at both over-clotting and under-clotting disorders (see above)
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I mainly want to focus on under-clotting disorders
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Over-clotting disorders may be too broad
Sources
Used sources
"Blood-clotting Factors" by Bryan Thomas Davies
"What Every Nurse should know about Hemophilia: Learn about the Causes of this Disorder, Current Treatments, and Important Nursing Considerations" by Denise Hitch
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"Von Willebrand Disease 101" by Denise Hitch
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"Electron-dense chains and clusters in platelets from patients with storage pool-deficiency disorders" by J. G. WHITE
Sources to be used
8 more on Questia
3 books to order/ rent/ buy
Possibly other credible sources from the internet