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Cell structure and Transport (Cells (Prokaryotic Cell - Genetic…
Cell structure and Transport
Cell Structure
Plant Cell
Chloroplast - Contains chlorophyll which "traps" light energy from the sun for photosynthesis
Vacuole - Contains sap, helps keep the shape of the cell
Cell Wall - Protects and strengthens the cell
Cell Membrane - Controls what goes in and out the cell
Nucleus - Contains genetic information
Ribosomes - Where protein synthesis occurs
Cytoplasm - Where chemical reactions take place
Mitochondria - Where aerobic respiration takes place
Animal Cell
Cell Membrane - Controls what goes in and out the cell
Nucleus - Contains genetic information
Ribosomes - Where protein synthesis occurs
Cytoplasm - Where chemical reactions take place
Mitochondria - Where aerobic respiration takes place
Bacteria Cell
Plasmid - Small ring of DNA
Cytoplasm - Where chemical reactions take place
Cell Membrane - Controls what goes in and out the cell
Flagella - Thread-like structure which helps the bacteria cell to swim
Cell Wall - Protects and strengthens the cell
Slime Capsule - Protects the cell
Transport
Active Transport
Requires energy
Uses a protein carrier
Movement against a concentration gradient through a partially permeable membrane
Diffusion
Factors that Affect Diffusion:
Concentration
Surface Area
Temperature
Movement of a gas or liquid down a concentration gradient
No energy required
Tries to restore equilibrium
Osmosis
Movement of water particles down a concentration gradient across a partially permeable membrane
No energy required
Tries to restore equilibrium
Magnification
Magnification = Image Size / Real Object Size
Cells
Prokaryotic Cell - Genetic information not in nucleus
Diploid Cell - Cell with 2x23 Chromosomes
Eukaryotic Cell - Genetic information in nucleus
Haploid Cell - Cell with 23 Chromosomes