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Cell Structure and transport (Specialisation in plant cells (Root hair…
Cell Structure and transport
Animal and plant cells
Animal cells have a nucleus, cell membrane, mitochondria, cytoplasm. A plant cell has the same and chloroplasts, a permanent vacuole and a cell wall.
The nucleus controls the activities in the cell.
The cytoplasm is a liquid gel where chemical reactions take place
Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
Eukaryotic cells have a cell membrane, cytoplasm and a nucleus
Prokaryotic cells are single-celled living organisms
Specialisation in animal cells
Nerve cells
Axon
Nucleus
Cell Body
Myelin sheath for insulation
Dendrites
Synapse
Muscle cells
Nucleus
Special Proteins that can contract
Sperm cells
Nucleus
Acrodome
Middle Section
Tail
Specialisation in plant cells
Root hair cells
Large Permanent Vacuole
Nucleus
Root Hair
Mitochondria
Photosynthetic cells
Plant cell
Xylem cells
Hollow tubes of xylem
Lignin Spirals
Vessels
Phloem cells
Sieve Plates
Companion Cells
Phloem Vessel
Mitochondria
Diffusion
Spreading out of gas particles in a substance. They go from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.
Osmosis in plants
Water enters plant cells through osmosis. This fills up the permanent vacuole and the cytoplasm presses up against the cell membrane. This makes the cell turgid.
Active transport
The movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy.
Osmosis
A partially permeable membrane lets water move across it. The solution contains a high concentration of water and a low concentration of sugar.