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Romantic Programme Programme Symphony ("Symphonie Fantastique" …
Romantic Programme
Programme Symphony
Features
Multi-movement work
Includes extra-musical content
Designed to evoke a specific idea, tell a story etc
Roughly follows the same structure as a symphony
"Symphonie Fantastique" - Berlioz 1830
Inspired by his obsession with Harriet Smithson
Follows a clear programme
Instrumentation
Score calls for over 90 instruments
Double woodwind (4 bassoons) + piccolo + cor anglais
4 horns, 2 cornets, 2 trumpets, 3 trombones, 2 ophicleides
2 timpani, cymbals, snare drum, bass drum, bells, 2 harps
At least 30 violins, 10 violas, 11 cellos, 9 basses
Assigned emotional attributes to instruments
Ophicleide plays Dies Irae
Offstage Oboe plays duet with Cor Anglais
Uses an idee fix to represent his obsession
Long theme
First head bar72 played by flute + doubled by 1st volins
5th movement
Dies Irae initially played in 8ve texture by bassoons + ophicleides
Then horns + trombones play Homophonic
Then upper strings + woodwind play faster/rhythmic diminution (gig like)
3 interpretations combined = polyphonic
Battling ideas
Col Lego - Uses wood of bow
Representing dancing skeletons
Shrill piccolo shrieks
Idee fixe played on Bb clarinet then Eb clarinet
As if mocking, not beautiful
Use of syncopation - As if stuck
Diminished 7ths - unstable, chromatic chords
Finishes C major -> A -> Eb (tritone)
"Faust Symphony" - Liszt 1854
3 movements/characters
Faust, Gretchen, Mephistopheles
Inspired by Goethe
Faust motif
Reappears transformed in all 3 movements
12 note row
Uses every chromatic variation
Disjunct + Dissonant intervals
Lento (Opening)
Highly chromatic
No cadences - Non-functional harmony
Unstable tonality - Reflects Faust's charater/searching
Instruments taking turns
Cello plays Faust theme
Then augmented chord
Followed by oboe playing nostalgia theme
Silence
Then Faust theme repeated on different stating note
Allegro
Different side of Faust - Passionate, desire for knowledge
Key area of C minor
Still highly chromatic
Diminished 7th on B implies C
Melody ascending in register
Adds woodwind
Creating frenzy
Faust theme returns
Reorchestrated
Rhythmic augmentation
Accompanied by inverted pedal