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Crime and Punishment c.1900-present (policing (technology (CCTV and…
Crime and Punishment c.1900-present
crimes
new crimes
computer crime
: fraud, illegal dwonloads
car crime
- only 1935 had to pass a test
hate crime
- sexuality, 2007 new laws
old crimes
violent and sexual crimes
(but more reported) but better dealt with and some crimes no longer crimes e.g. homosexuality
theft
murder
smuggling
- methods changed, some products similar some different, people are now smuggled in, reasons are the same
terrorism
- IRA 1970-90, 2005 London Bombings, arguably Guys Fawkes was a terrorist
laws
death penalty was abolished
after
1840
average 1
5 executions per year
by
1957
abolished except :murder of police, shooting, theft, multiple resisting arrest
1969
abolished
permenantly
WW2
- holocaust and war showed executions to be barbaric
religious
- Christians believed in the new testament and forgivness
high profile cases
Derek Bentley
(wrongly hanged for the murder of a policeman)
Ruth Ellis
(last woman to be hanged for the murder of her lover who was abusive)
in the moment crime so death penalty
wasn't a deterent
policing
technology
CCTV
and automatic
number plate registration
used
1930s
- two way radio established
1930s
-
cars
and
motorbikes
increased the speed of response
since 1901
- fingerprints, blood samples
1974
- police national computer records set up
1988
- DNA technology used
attitudes
deal with
non crime incidents
- mental health risks, antisocial behaviour, crowd control
women officers from
1920s
ethnic minority officers
crime prevention officers
goverment
national police training college in
1947
specialised forces e.g. drug squad
huge amount more of
funding
punishments
prisons
after 1922
- solitary confinement ended, uniform abolished, standards improved, teacher employed
average length of sentences
increased
1980s
- overcrowding, understaffing common
2014 Ofsted judged
-
50%
prisons are inadequate or requiring improvement
non custodial alternatives
1907
- monitored by probation officer
1914
- extended period to pay fines
1967
- parole introduced
1972
- community service orders introduced
1990
- electronic tags introduced
young offenders
1902
- Borstal opened for offenders under 18, run like boarding school - 6 months to 2 years
1957
- riots meant that approved schools were closed (training in skills)
1948
- attendance centres introduced
(still today)
1982
- youth detention centres set up but reoffending still increased
today
youth courts probation officers and social workers
custody is
last resort
(children's home, training centre)
curfews, tagging, fines, counselling