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U.3 The plant kingdom (Parts of a plant (Roots:
Generally grows…
U.3 The plant kingdom
Parts of a plant
Roots:
Generally grows underground and is a one the stem. It don’t contribute to the photosynthesis process. His functions are:
- Absorb mineral salts and water
- To give stability to the plant
- Store substances
Stem:
Is the part that keep the plant upkeep and the leaves grow from branches.
Have 2 main functions:
- Transport substances, the xylem transport the crude sap, and the phoem transport the phoem sap.
- Support the leaves
Leaves:
Are vital to do the photosynthesis, also are involved in the gas exchange.
- Photosynthesis, with the chloroplasts, this organs have a green pigment called chlorophyll.
Water + Mineral salts + CO2 + Sunlight = organic matter
- Transpiration, water that has not released with the photosynthesis is released outside trough the stomata.
Flowers:
Are the reproductive organs. Gametes are produced inside the flower. The result of the sexual reproduction is a seed. Parts:
- Corolla, that is formed by petals
- Stamens Are the male reproductive organs. It consist of a filament and an anther, in the anther there are pollen sacks.
- Pistil is the female reproductive organ, and there is the stigma, the style and the ovary where are the ovules.
- Penducle join the flower to the stem
- Sepals that form the calyx.
Depending in its structure it can be:
- Complete or incomplete flowers in which lack the calyx and corolla
- Hermaphrodite or unisexual plants which have the both sexual organs or not.
Plants are multicellular, and perform autotrophic nutrition. They share that characteristic with some algae. And are like 500 million years ago.
They can be classified by:
- The presence of a flower
- The presence of conducting vessels
If we combine that criteria they can be bryophytes, pteridophytes, or spermatophytes.Example:
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Plants do the photosynthesis process is a very important process
- To feed themselves
- Are food of terrestrial living things
Plants form tissues for:
- Chlorophyll for photosynthesis
- Supporting to keep the plant upright.
- Protect from the outside
- ConductiveTransport sap
Spermatophytes have specialized organs such us:
- Roots to absorb water and mineral salts
- Stems to transport sap
- Leaves to do the photosynthesis
- flowers to do sexual reproduction
Seedless plants
Bryophytes: Hepatic plants and mosses
Are non-flowering plants and have non conductive vessels or undeveloped vessels. They are the most ancient plants. It reproduction can be sporophyte (with spores) and gametophyte (with gametes )
Pteridophyte: ferns
Are vascular,non-flowering plants. They live in dark, humid locations. Have an alternating reproduction, like bryophytes
Plants with seeds
Spermatophytes reproduce by seeds. There are 2 types:
- Gymnosperm (trees, flowers, pollen)
- Angiosperms (dry fruits, fleshy fruits)