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Morphology: A Linguistic Subset (Differences Between Types of Affixes (TR)…
Morphology: A Linguistic Subset
"Morphology is the study of word formation...Morphology is concerned with the structure of words, just as syntax is concerned with the structure of sentences" (Parker & Riley, 2010). (TR)
Lexical morphemes - have a sense in and of themselves. (TR)
Grammatical morphemes - don't really have a sense in and of themselves, they express some sort of relationship between lexical morphemes (e.g. prepositions, articles and conjunctions). (TR)
free morphemes - those that can stand alone as words. (TR)
Bound morphemes - cannot stand alone as words. Can be lexical or grammatical. (TR)
Can be put under two
Infectional
Derivational (MS)
Loose definition
=a minimal unit having more or less constant meaning associated with more or less constant form. (TR)
Inflectional and Derivational Morphemes (TR)
Inflectional Affixes - only 8: plural, possessive, comparative, superlative, present, past, past participle, present participle.(TR)
Derivational Affixes - open ended, potentially infinite number, traditional suffixes: ize, ly, ful, traditional prefixes: un, dis, a, anti (TR)
Differences Between Types of Affixes (TR)
Historical Development - all inflectional affixes are native to English, derivational affixes are borrowed from Latin and Greek (TR)
Distribution - All inflectional affixes are suffixes; derivational affixes may be either suffixes or prefixes. If an affix is a prefix, it is derivational (TR)
Range of Application - Inflectional affixes have a wide range of application (joins with almost all members of a particular category), derivational affixes have a narrow range (TR)
Order of Appearance - Inflectional suffixes generally follow derivational suffixes. If a word contains both derivational and inflectional suffix, then the inflectional suffix typically comes last (Friendship= friend (root)+ship (Derivational)+plural (Inflectional) (TR)
*Inflectional affixes do not change the syntactic category (part of speech) of the root they area ttached to, derivational affixes may do this.
*No more than one inflectional morpheme can be affixed to a particular part of speech, but no limit to the number of derivational morphemes that can be affixed to one part of speech.
Word-Formation Processes (TR)
-Derivation
-Category Extension
-Compound
-Root Creation
-Clipped Form
-Blend
-Acronym
-Abbreviation
-Proper name
-Folk Etymology
-Back Formation (TP)
Verb Forms (TP)
Modal Verb are characterized b the absence of the third personal singular.
Ex: Can/Could; Shall/Should; Will/Would; May/Might/Must (TP)
Auxiliary Verb occurs in a simple active sentence. It is always followed by a past participle. (TP )
Main Verb is always the right most verb in a sentence (TP)
Morphemes (MS)
Minimal unit or constant meaning
Example {buy} {er} {s}
buy- to buy
er - is someone
s - more than one
(MS)