Process Analysis
Qualitative process analysis
Value-added analysis
Root cause analysis
Value classification
Waste elimination
Value-adding (VA) 😃
Business-value adding (BVA) 😃
Non-value adding (NVA) 😃
handover step b/w process participants
tasks contributing to customer needs
tasks contributing to
ensure the corectness
improve the company
by means of automation
eliminate some roles
move some works to other roles - less handovers
more work load to other roles
handovers can be done by information system
Cause-effect diagram
Why-why diagram
Issue register
6M's 😃
Milieu
Measurement
Man
Material
Method
Machine
fields
name of issue
description
priority
assumptions
qualitative impact
quantitative impact
Pareto analysis
PICK chart 😃
classify the issue based on payoff and difficult
possible
implement
challenge
kill
Quantitative process analysis
Performance measurement
Flow analysis
Queue
Simulation
Process performance dimension
time
cost
quality
flexibility
Cycle time of a process
models
Multiple-queue system (M/M/c)
Computation
variables
⭐ μ = mean number of customers that can be served per time unit
⭐ ρ = occupation rate
Single-queue system (M/M/1)
ρ = λ / cμ 🚩
if ρ > 100% : queue will be longer and longer ⚠
⭐ λ = mean arrival rate per time unit
ρ = λ / μ 🚩
Computable parameters
Lq
Wq
avg. number of jobs in the queue 👤
avg. time a job spends in the queue 👥
W
avg. time a job spends in the system 👥
L
avg. number of jobs in the system 👤
Wq = Lq / λ
W = Wq + 1/μ
L =λW
Lq = ρ^2 / (1 - ρ) : for M/M/1
Pareto principle 😃
Small number of factors are responsible for the large share of given effect
80-20 principle
20 % of issues are responsible for 80% of the effect
Give priority to each issue 🏴
identify the recursive cause-effect relations b/w factors 🏴
types
cycle time and work-in-process
measures
work-in-process (WIP)
arrival rate (λ)
WIP = λ x CT 🚩
cycle time efficiency
CTE = TCT / CT 🚩
cycle time
types of flow
Loop
AND block
XOR block
simple flow
Applications and Limitations
AND block
cost = sum. T of all activities ⚠ #
CT = max T of all activities ⚠:
CT = sum. of (prob. x T)
CT = sum. of T
CT = T/1-r
pertaining to the technology used
stemming from the way the process is defined / understood / performed step
raw materials / data required as inputs
wrong assessment / incorrect performed step
measurements / calculations made
stemming from environment