Process Analysis

Qualitative process analysis

Value-added analysis

Root cause analysis

Value classification

Waste elimination

Value-adding (VA) 😃

Business-value adding (BVA) 😃

Non-value adding (NVA) 😃

handover step b/w process participants

tasks contributing to customer needs

tasks contributing to

ensure the corectness

improve the company

by means of automation

eliminate some roles

move some works to other roles - less handovers

more work load to other roles

handovers can be done by information system

Cause-effect diagram

Why-why diagram

Issue register

6M's 😃

Milieu

Measurement

Man

Material

Method

Machine

fields

name of issue

description

priority

assumptions

qualitative impact

quantitative impact

Pareto analysis

PICK chart 😃

classify the issue based on payoff and difficult

possible

implement

challenge

kill

Quantitative process analysis

Performance measurement

Flow analysis

Queue

Simulation

Process performance dimension

time

cost

quality

flexibility

Cycle time of a process

models

Multiple-queue system (M/M/c)

Computation

variables

⭐ μ = mean number of customers that can be served per time unit

⭐ ρ = occupation rate

Single-queue system (M/M/1)

ρ = λ / cμ 🚩

if ρ > 100% : queue will be longer and longer ⚠

⭐ λ = mean arrival rate per time unit

ρ = λ / μ 🚩

Computable parameters

Lq

Wq

avg. number of jobs in the queue 👤

avg. time a job spends in the queue 👥

W

avg. time a job spends in the system 👥

L

avg. number of jobs in the system 👤

Wq = Lq / λ

W = Wq + 1/μ

L =λW

Lq = ρ^2 / (1 - ρ) : for M/M/1

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Pareto principle 😃

Small number of factors are responsible for the large share of given effect

80-20 principle

20 % of issues are responsible for 80% of the effect

Give priority to each issue 🏴

identify the recursive cause-effect relations b/w factors 🏴

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types

cycle time and work-in-process

measures

work-in-process (WIP)

arrival rate (λ)

WIP = λ x CT 🚩

cycle time efficiency

CTE = TCT / CT 🚩

cycle time

types of flow

Loop

AND block

XOR block

simple flow

Applications and Limitations

AND block

cost = sum. T of all activities ⚠ #

CT = max T of all activities ⚠:

CT = sum. of (prob. x T)

CT = sum. of T

CT = T/1-r

pertaining to the technology used

stemming from the way the process is defined / understood / performed step

raw materials / data required as inputs

wrong assessment / incorrect performed step

measurements / calculations made

stemming from environment