BIOLOGY
living things
M.R.S G.R.E.N (movement, response, sensitivity,growth,reproduction,excretion,nutrition) respiration is how animals get energy from food.
animal cell=cell membrane and nucleus plant cell=cell membrane, nucleus and cell wall
vertebrates=spine invertebrate=no spine
cells and microscopes*
animal cell=cytoplasm cell wall and nucleus plant cell=cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus
tissues a small group of the same cells doing same function organ two or more tissues working together systems=a number of organs working together
microscope course focus knob=roughly height of stage wanted, fine focus knob= more accurate
food
iodine is used to test for starch (yellow/orange to blue/black)
benedicts solution is used to test for simple sugars (blue t brick red)
protein test s sodium hydroxide and copper sulfate aka bureit test
digestion enzymes
digestion=breakdown of food
2 types of digestion in mouth= physical and chemical. oesophagus,stomach,small intestine,liver, pancreas, large intestine
enzymes cause=growth of muscles,production of hair calls,formation of blood cells,breakdown of poisonous substances
amylase acts on starch to produce maltose, maltase breaks down maltose to produce glucose
respiration (release of energy from food)
glucose+oxygen= water vapour+carbon dioxide+energy
carbon dioxide turns limewater milky
gaseous exchange+ blood vessel brigs blood low in oxygen and high in CO2 to the aveolus, capillaries take the waste products into aveolus and put oxygen into the blood vessel,the blood leaves high in oxygen and low in CO2
trachea-bronchus-bronchiole-alveolus 
circulatory system
blood= plasma+red blood cells+white blood cells+platelets
funtions red blood cells=transport oxygen white blood cells=fight of infections plateletsclot blood plasma=transport chemicals and heat
arteries=away from heart, veins=to heart
arteries=valves,thick wall. veins=thin wall,no valve. capillaries=allow materials pass in and out of blood
heart1-vena cava 2-pulmonary artery 3-aorta 4-pulmonary vein. left side is more muscular. atrium=up ventricle=down valves, cardiac muscle
excretion
renal vein=left side,renal artery=right side. kidneys=filter wastes,2 ureters, bladder,1 urethra
skeletal muscular system
types of joints=fixed (skul) ball and socket(hip and shoulder), hinge(elbow), synvial(knee)
joints=where bones meet, tendons=connects bone to muscle,ligaments=connects bone to bone cartilage=protects ends of bones
antogonistic pairs=muscles that carry out opposite affects eg trice and bicep
sensory system
central nervous system=spinal cord and brain
motor nerves=messages from brain to muscles sensory nerves=messages from nerves to brain
eyeball=iris-colour, lens-focus light on the retina, retina-absorb light,optic nerve-messages from eye to brain,cornea-let light pass into eye, ciliary muscle-contracts or relaxes lens depending on light
reproductive system
male= testis-make sperm, scrotum-ball sack, sperm duct-carries sperm to urethra and out of penis, penis-allows urine or sperm pass out of body
female- ovaries-eggs(ovuls) produced here, fallopian tube-fertislisation, uterus- implantation here, cervix-openig of uterus, vagina-muscular tube where penis releases sperm
menstrual cycle- day 1-5 period, day 6-12 lining f womb develops, day 13-15 fertile period,(ovulation), day 16-28 lining of womb stays in place
placenta-holds baby in place and allows substances into baby and carries waste out f baby
contraception-male=condoms,female=cap with covers cervix, pills
genetics
chromosomes-made of DNA and protein found in the nucleus of cell walls
genes are short sections of DNA located on chromosomes
human body has 23 pairs of chromosomes in every nucleus except for sperm and ovum cells
sex cells/ gametes only contain 23 chromosomes because when they join with the opposite gamete 46 chromosomes are then present
1-egg 2-zygote---cell division--ball of cells-- 3)embryo
plants
root functions- anchor the plant, absorb water and minerals,some plants (carrots)store food in roots
stem function-support leaves and flower, transport
flower function- produce seeds so can reproduce
water transport-roots take in water and xylem transports it up to the leaves and flower
pores of a leaf are called stomata,stomata are located on the underside of the leaves, the loss of water through the leaves of a plant is called transpiration
mineral transport- transported around the flower and then phleom brings nutrients down to the roots to the soil
xylem-transports water phleom-transports water
photosynthesis the way a plant with chlorophyll makes food
carbon dioxide+water--sunlight and chlorophyll= glucose+oxygen
tropism-a plants response to an outside stimulus
geotropism( gravity), phototropism (sunlight)
plant reproduction- asexual