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Cardiovascular System (Pathway of blood (Left side has thick muscular wall…
Cardiovascular System
Pathway of blood
Left side has thick muscular wall
More blood is pumped during exercise
Septum seperates left side and right side
Prevent oxygenated and deoxygenated blood mixing
Aorta
- systemic system. Carries oxygenated blood away
Vena cava
- systemic system. Carries deoxygenated blood to the heart
Pulmonary artery
- carries deoxygenated blood away
Pulmonary vein
- carries oxygenated blood to
Key terms
Stroke volume
-
volume
of blood ejected from left ventricle per
beat
Cardiac output
-
volume
of blood ejected from the left ventricle per
minute
Heart rate
-
number
of contractions (beats) per
minute
Cardiac output = heart rate x stroke volume
Blood vessels
Arteries
Smooth muscle layer
Vasodilate and vasoconstrict to control blood flow
Most carry oxygenated blood away from the heart
high pressure
Don't contain valves
e.g. aorta
Veins
Thin layer of smooth muscle
Contain valves to prevent the backflow of blood
Most carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart
low pressure
Capillaries
One-cell thick
Allows for gaseous exchange
Red blood cells
Contain haemoglobin
Carries oxygen in the bloodstream
Transports red blood cells containing oxygen to the working muscles
Double circulatory system
Systemic
Heart -> working muscles + body systems
Delivers oxygen and nutrients to working muscles
Removes waste products
Pulmonary
Heart -> lungs
Removes carbon dioxide from bloodstream
Replenishes oxygen stores
White blood cells
Fight infection
Surrounded by fluid called plasma
Contains nutrients essential for energy production