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Structure and function of skeletal system (Functions (Protection (Keeps…
Structure and function of skeletal system
Articulating bones
Shoulder
Scapula
Humerus
Hip
Femur
Pelvis
Elbow
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Knee
Femur
Tibia
Functions
Protection
Keeps the internal organs from damage or injury
e.g. the cranium protects a footballer's head when performing a header
Movement
provides areas for muscle to attach and form lever systems
e.g. the biceps attach to the upper and lower arm to create movement at the elbow
Posture
Holds the body upright
e.g. the vertebrae holds the body upright
Blood cell production
some large bones contain bone marrow which produce blood cells
e.g. red blood cells are produced to transport oxygen around the body
Support
Provides shaping framework
e.g. the vertebrae supports the weight of the upper part of the body
Storage of minerals
Stores minerals and slowly releases them into the blood
e.g. calcium is essential to allow movement and keep our bones healthy
Synovial joints
Synovial fluid
- allows friction-free movement
Joint capsule
- strengthens the joint
= freely moveable joint where two or more bones articulate
Allow for a wide range of movement
Ligaments
= connect bone to bone
Strong bands of connective tissue
Keep joints stable
Prevent extreme movements which could lead to injury
Cartilage
Reduces friction
Absorbs shock to protect a joint
Tough and flexible connective tissue
Articular cartilage
covers the articulating surfaces of bones
reduces friction to protect bones
Fibrocartilage
found in areas of great stress e.g. knee and spine
protects bones by absorbing shock
allows bones to fit together smoothly
Tendons
= connect muscle to bone
Tough bands of connective tissue
Transmit forces generated by the muscles to move bones into positions
Hinge joint
Allows movement in one plane
(Flexion
Extension)
Elbow
e.g. throwing a dart
Knee
e.g. kicking a ball
Ball and socket
Wide range of motion in all 3 planes
(All movements)
shoulder
e.g. throwing in javelin
hip
e.g. the splits
Movements
Abduction
movement away from the centre line of the body
outward phase of a star jump
Adduction
movement towards the centre line of the body
inward phase of a star jump
Extension
increase in joint angle
upward phase of a bicep curl
Rotation
movement around a limbs long axis
e.g. ballet dancer moving into first position
Flexion
decrease in joint angle
downward phase of a squat
Circumduction
combination of movements allowing a continuous circular movement of a limb
e.g. arm circles in a warm up
