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Geography (mapping ((GIS stands for geographic information system, it can…
Geography
mapping
relative location, uses almost anything that is isn't coordanates or an address such as west,north,east,south ,left, right,or across from x and near x
absolute location is the coordinates of a location
latitude is the imaginary lines that go around west and east on the earth
longitude is the imaginary lines facing north and south on earth
gps stands for global positioning system, it gan give you dirrections
GIS stands for geographic information system, it can help people compare locations
Maps can never be perfectly accurate because the earth is a sphere and spheres cannot be projected onto a flat surface, this is what leads to map distortion which means that shapes/sizes and distances on a map
physical geography: concerns physical aspects of each such as elevation, latitude, oceans, rivers, mountains ect.
oceans: oceans play a large roll because with oceans comes transportation, jobs, but also it makes a country more or less accessible which can lead to exploitation.
latitude effects temperature and temperature effects your lifestyle greatly, it effects the crops you can grow, what you wear, what type of animals you have, what you can hunt
rivers: can either split a country or bring it more together, it can be transportation
mountains play a huge role because it effects transportation, it effects temperature, weather and farming
this effects human geography, each aspect of the environment and earth effects how people in the area live their life
human environmental interaction: how well humans treat the environment, if they exploit it, future generations have a hard time growing and thriving but you must use some of the natural resources to grow and evolve
Demography
Life expectancy- average life span per 1000 people (in specific area such as life expectancy of south east Asia)
Death rate- rate of death per 100 people
population density- amount of people per square mile
population pyramid-chart that shows people living in an area according to their age, men and women are separated
total fertility rate- average number of childbirths per woman
Demographic Transition model- helps predict growth rates of countries and shows where they are compared to others
step 2-high births rates, decrease in death rates, longer life expectancy
step 3- decline in birth rates, middle age people live to be older
step 1- high birth and death rates
step 4- low birth and death rates, higher dependency ratio
5 Themes of Geography
Place
what life is life there
Location
where they are on the earth
Region
characteristics of the area
Human-Environment-Interaction
how humans treat where they live and how they affect one another's style of life and how they live
movement
how people interact with one another
Geopolitics
def: refugee- someone who is fleeing the country to survive
people fleeing has lead to some of the geopolitical issues we face today, such as the South American kids on the US's southern border, Spain/Morocco issues and so many more
asylum- a country that helps refugees
push factor-reasons to leave a country, such as war, corrupt governments, lack of natural resources ect.
pull factors-reasons to go to a country, such as jobs, good economy, safe environment ect.
Boundaries
geometric boundary-straight line boundary, one mad up by people
ocean boundary- created by an ocean
Physical Boundary- something that is already there, a body of water, mountains ect
UNCLOS Treaty-International Law of the sea
Territorial water-part of an ocean that a country has sovereignty over
countries have complete control to up to 12 miles of their land
there are 200 miles off the coast that country can use natural resources from
weather/climate
difference between climate and weather is that weather is what is happening currently, it is very short term, climate is over longer periods of time
5 aspects of climate
ocean currents
ocean currents bring different temps to different regions, these can create storms and cool or heat an area
elevation
the higher up you are, the lower the air pressure is which effects temperature
orographic effect
clouds can often only get up to certain heights which in mountainous areas often leave one very wet side and one very dry one
latitude
plays a roll because the closer to the equator you are, the more sun you get
closeness to a body of water
when you are closer to a body of water, this often makes the year round temperature change lot more mild
climate graph measures precipitation and temperature in a area over time