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World Geography (The Economy: a system of production, consumption, and…
World Geography
The Economy: a system of production, consumption, and distribution of goods and services in a particular geographic region.
Economic Sectors
Primary Sector: this sector is where raw materials are sources such as metals, wood, cotton, etc.
Secondary Sector: the secondary sector is where the raw materials from the first sector are manufactured and made into things
Tertiary Sector: This sector is where transportation happens of the already produced goods. Other professions such as doctors, lawyers, and businesses are in this sector.
GDP: GDP is a measurement of how much product is being exported from a country. GDP per capita is just how much product each person is exporting in the country. GDP= total value of all goods and services produced in a location divided by one year.
Country Development: a country can be determined as more or less developed based on its economy. Countries with mostly primary sector activities are usually low in development. Where as countries with secondary and tertiary sector activity are more developed. The most developed countries have a fairly even amount of activity from each sector.
Human Development Index: this is a statistic that tells how developed a country is. It includes things like literacy rates, life expectancy, and GDP per capita.
Globalization: This is a process in which a country is interacting with other countries. A country is interconnected with many other countries that it relies on for economic stability.
Industrialization: Industrialization is when a country is becoming more developed and starting to manufacture more goods. There will be more products being shipped out and the country will likely be interacting with other countries more.
Themes of Geography
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Human Environment Interaction: How humans use their environment. The human impact on the local ecosystems
Region: regions are based on spatial criteria. There are different types of regions. Formal and functional regions are the two types.
Political Geography
Push Pull Factors: these factors are what lead people to immigrate to certain areas (pull factors), or what lead people to leave an area (push factors).
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Refugee/Asylum: when a person is a refugee, it means they fled their country because their life was endangered and they needed to leave for a safer more sustainable place. When a person does this they are seeking asylum.
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Geographic Inequalities: based on a countries climate and location, it can make it easier or harder for its economy to survive. For example, places with dense jungle are often less developed because it's hard to maintain a stable economy in that type of climate.
Basics of Geography
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Climate vs. Weather: Climate is the pattern of weather over a time. Weather is the general condition of the atmosphere at the moment.
GPS: A GPS is a device that allows us to track where we are in the world based off of satellites that track the points on the Earth
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Human Geography
Demographics
Dependency Ratio calculates the number of workers to the number of people that are dependent o the workers. People who are older than 14 and younger than 65 are the workers
Birth and Death rates are the amount of births per 1000 and the amount of deaths per 100, in a specific area.
Demographic Transition Model: It is a theory that helps predict what population growth will look like.
Stage 2: High Growth, birthrates still high, death rates declining, population increases rapidly.
Stage 3: Moderate Growth, becoming more wealthy, death rates fall a lot, birthrates are lower
Stage 1: Low growth, no population growth, high death rate, high birthrate, death rate changes with nature
Stage 4: Low growth, birth and death rates are low, population levels off
Subsistence economy: this is a special type of economy where they economy relies on itself to make food, clothing, etc.
Population Pyramids: These pyramids depict the population distribution in an image. There are different stages of the pyramid.
Infant mortality rate and fertility rate are both key factors in demographics. Infant mortality rate is the number of deaths per 1000 live births. And fertility rate is the amount of women who are able to have children.
Physical Geography
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UNCLOS: United Nations Convention on Laws of the Sea. This convention took place to set rules as to how much sovereignty a country gets of its surrounding water.
Territorial Waters: 0-12 miles off the coast. In this area law is treated as if you were still standing on land. Country has complete sovereignty.
Contiguous Zone: 12-24 miles from territorial waters. Countries have the right of passage. Can control infringements of its customs, fiscal, immigration, and sanity laws and regulations.
Exclusive Economic Zone: 24-200 miles from contiguous zone. States get complete access to any economic resources.
International Waters: Outside of 200 miles from the exclusive economic zone. Every country shares international waters.