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World Geography (Demography: the study of human population patterns…
World Geography
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Basic Terms & Ideas
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Physical Geography: the study of land forms such a rivers and mountains and climate patterns on our planet.
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Relative Location: where is a place is in relation to something else. (The lake is southwest of the library)
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5 Themes of Geography
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Human-environmental Interaction: How humans effect the place they live in and how people have adapted to live in that place.
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Climographs: A type of graph used to show average rainfall and temperatures in a place. (Rainfall is bars, temperature is dots.)
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Global Positioning System (GPS): A system that using Longitude/Latitude to locate where you are on earth using satellites.
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Economy
Industrialization: When a country leans away from farming and begins relying more on factories and trains.
Primary Sector: Sector of the economy that deals with harvesting raw materials. (ex. farming, mining, logging)
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Tertiary Sector: Sector of the economy in charge of distributing goods and activities that involve performing a service. (ex. retail store, doctor and lawyer)
More-Developed Countries (MDC): Countries that are mainly in the Secondary and Tertiary sectors of the economy.
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Human Development Index: measures income, life expectancy and education levels in a country. (From 0 to 1)
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Globalization
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Cons:
Can create conflicts when countries who are connected through trade are then caught in ethical issues
Territorial Morphology
Compact State: A country where any point on its borders are relatively equidistant from its center. (France, Gabon)
Prorupted State: A relatively compact state with on little section that randomly juts out a bit. (Thailand, Myanmar)
Perforated State: A country that surrounds another. (South Africa, Italy)
Elongated Sate: A county that is particularly long and not very wide. (Chile, Malawi)
Fragmented State: a country that is broken up into pieces. (Canada, Norway)
Enclave State: A country that is completely surrounded by another country. (Lethso, Vatican City)
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Political Geography
UNCLOS Treaty
Territorial Waters: (12 miles out), countries have complete sovereignty
Contigous Zone: (12-24 miles out), countries can exert limited control and can prevent or punish people for smuggling
Exclusive Economic Zone: (0-200 miles out), countries have exclusive rights to fishing, oil drilling, etc. in this area.
Outside of this, the water is for everyone
Median Line Principle: If two countries are closer than 200 miles, you cut the area halfway inbetween.
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Geometric Political Boundaries: straight line boundaries that are usually designed by countries. These are different from cultural or physical regions.
Ocean Boundaries: The UN created them in 1973 with the UN Convention on the Law of the Seas (UNCLOS) Treaty
Geopolitics: When two or more countries have issues regarding borders, goods/trading, citizenship
Push Factors: Something that pushes people out of a place. (war, religious prosecution)
Pull Factors: Something the pulls people from a place. (Better jobs, urbanization, family)
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Refugee: Someone feeling their country and searching for safety somewhere else. Usually running from war.
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