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Psychology in Socio-Political Context (Socio-Political Context…
Psychology in Socio-Political Context
Socio-Political Context
Industrialisation and immigration
High pop. cities of poor/working class families
Natural selection to make claims about bio fitness
Assumption: intelligence and aggression were innate
Eugenics - 1st gained pop. but then lost - proposed sterilisation
Material basis for natural phenomena
Increased interest in researching brain
Lesion studies in animals
Democritus's premise: material entities = foundations all observed
Feelings, thoughts, and behaviours - explained
The Cold War and computers
Artificial Intelligence
Cognitive Psychology
Feelings + emotions less important than verbalising + RTs
Mothers in the work force
1950 - 40%, 2000 - 78%
Bowlby and Attachment
Innate need to attach CG
Needed continuous care
Maternal deprivation - LT consequences
Influence of statistics
National Science Foundation
F test, T test, Correlation
Influence of Physics and universal laws
Materialistic foundation for natural phenomena
More successful predictions
Mathematics
Society + Psychology = bi-directional, interlinked
Metaphor
Metaphor - analogy from another are to map new complex problem
Formulate and test hypotheses
Can restrict or be misleading
Socio-Political Bias
History of Intelligence Testing
3 principles:
Test scores practical, not define
Aim: identify learning disabilities, not rank normal
Purpose: extra help for at risk
IQ not fixed, can improve
Intelligence testing in US
Terman - National testing children
Feeble minded related to morality
National testing = way to reduce crime
Stanford-Binet
Goddard - used in other contexts
Students, immigrants, recruitments
Term 'moron'
Single gene
Feeble minded parents > feeble child (no mating)
Socio-political system in US - segregation of black people and immigrants
Yerkes - military support
Army alpha, beta + individual examination
Intelligence is innate
Can assign military speciality
Findings
White average mental age = 13
European in moron rage
Black average = 10.4
Differences between races - genetic
Immigration restriction age passed
Gould's criticisms
Cultural & educational bias
Problems in administration - illiterate, conditions
Data should be considered critically
Morton's Skull Collection (White skulls larger than Black/Native)
Gould re-analyzed data - corrected for biases
1st test in france
Binet and Simon
Socio-political system in france
citizens well-being
compulsory primary ed
Social Perspective Dominates
Advances in tech + expanding economy lead to general optimism in US
Gain made by improving education system
Gender identity strong influenced by edu
Trainability of gender identity - Dr Money and John/Joan
Ethics
Experiments may have caused harm
Monster Study Johnson, Nuremberg trials (Malaria, mustard gass and sea water experiments)
Legality
Ethical code of conduct
Approval, protection, informed consent, no coercion, right to withdraw, anonymity + confidentiality, exclusion criteria, monitoring, duty of care/supervision, safeguards
Lessons
Misuse of psych knowledge in times of war
Enhanced interrogation program in War on Terror
Psychological Influenced Society
Psychologization of society - growing impact of psych on way people see/interact
Reasons
Psych = taught freq in different degrees
Psych = freq in media
Freq of psych topics in everyday convo
Labels
Social change in last century = individualisation
Psych played important role - extra/introvert
Coined other terms - neurotic, depressed, intelligent, lacking self-esteem
Creating Needs & Values
Medical + pharmaceutical industry overstate sig. for health
Life expectancy increased in parallel with medicinal advances; other factors
Extends to psych: Evidence
Rise in discovery of psychopathologies/syndromes
ADHD
Battered woman syndrome
Parallel rise in provision of counselling/therapy
Normal worries = labels - anxiety, weakness, stress, therapeutic edu
ADHD
Inattentive Type: distracted, forgetful, daydreams, disorganised, poor concentration, difficulty completing task
Hyperactive-Impulsive Type: excessive fidgetiness + restlessness, hyperactivity, difficulty waiting/remaining seated, immature, destructive
Battered Women Syndrome
Pattern of responses, caused by learned helplessness
Three stages
Tension-building
Acute battering
Contrition stage
Case: Smith 1992 shot sleeping husband
Claimed abuse
Prosecution refused to accept plea of man slaughter
Appleaded based on BWS
2002: case sent to appeal - miscarriage of justice
Released from prison after sentence reduce to manslaughter
Helping Society
People age successfully
To prevent bullying
Police, courts, prisons - effectively
Athletes perform
Roads + driving safer
EW identification accuracy
Impact
Benefit individuals, organisations and economy
more impact = funded