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Geography (Geopolitics (Refugee - A refugee is someone who has been forced…

- - - - Coastal states exercise complete sovereignty up to 12 miles from their shorelines. (However, ships from other countries have the right to “innocent passage” through these waters.)
        
        The “Contiguous Zone” is a band of water extending from the edge of territorial waters up to 24 miles from the coast
        
        In this zone, states can exert limited control for the purpose of preventing or punishing “infringements of its customs, fiscal, immigration or sanitary laws and regulations within its territory.”
      - A coastal state can claim up to 200 miles of territory beyond its shoreline as an “exclusive economic zone”, over which that state has control of all economic resources, including fishing, mining, oil exploration, and any pollution of those resources. (Cannot prevent passage or loitering above, on, or under the surface
        
        The 2 or more countries involved will divide up the water evenly.
        This rule is called the “median-line principle”.
- - - - Gross Domestic Product (GDP) - the most widely used measurement.
      - GDP: the total value of all goods and services produced in a location over the period of 1 year. GDP measures production
        GDP = C + I + G + NX
        C = Consumer spending: how much did people buy?
        I = Business spending: how much did businesses spend?
        G = How much did government spend (producing stuff)?
        NX = Exports minus Imports
    - - Pros - Helps countries develop, good for the conomy
      - Cons - Gets rid of culture, spreads diseases
      - Resources that you are given and where you are geographically impacts development. Things such as navigable rivers can impact this.
- - - - Absolute Location- latitude/longitude, address
        Relative Location - Cardinal Directions
    - - GIS - Geographic Information Systems, Data + Maps
    - - Climate is the average pattern of weather Climograph plots the monthly temperature and precipitation
        
        Factors that effect climate
        
        Orographic Effect - Windward and Leeward
        
        Elevation - colder at higher regions
        
        Closeness to large bodies of water - Water moderates temperature
        
        Ocean Currents - warm currents warm climate
        
        Latitude - as latitude increases so does temperature
    - - Regions are based off of spacial criteria
      - Physical (Natural) climate, landforms, vegetation, rivers...
      - Human (Cultural) language, political, religion, ethnicity, disease
      - Types of Regions
        
        Formal - based on a measurable shared traits
        
        Functional - defined by a system of interactions
        
        Perceptual - peoples feeling and attitudes about an area
- - - - Low #'s are better