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Taiwanese doctors in Japanese Empire (color code (race and ethnicity…
Taiwanese doctors in Japanese Empire
color code
group differences defined by color are
outcomes of historical and social processes
constructed in ways that made them carry fundamentally
essentialist appeals
gave rise to intense intergroup violence
and hatred
race and ethnicity operate in shaping power relations instead of opting to become “color-blind.”
race-cognizant
how hierarchical ethnic
categories are constructed and function in the absence of the color code?
color code en Asia o en otro lado
hierarchical ethnic categories
are not constructed along the axis of marked physical differences.
East Asian colonial modernity,
colonial subjects confronted the tensions and ambiguities of colonial relations within an empire
(Empire) legitimacy, as constructed in its official ideology, rested on the shared racial similarities and the cultural past between the colonizers and the colonized.
japan
anti-colonial colonizer
a Social Darwinist idea of racial hierarchy
The subdivision of human species... imposed a set of obligations on Japan as T¯oy¯o no Meishu (the leader of Asia).
“Japan’s fraternal relationships with its neighbors
leadership position by asserting its superior achievements
in modernization
Eastasia
“Japaneseness” was expected
to eventually spread all over Asia.
the colonized were “not quite Japanese but perhaps capable of becoming Japanese.”
Ethnic identities
not defined by any intrinsic qualities of the group
formed
in relation to other ethnic groups
in intersection with other
social categories
ethnic hybrids
the social groups whose experiences most clearly expose the politics of racial and ethnic boundaries
the hybrids are marginalized,
frustrated, and limited in their articulation of ethnic identity
k¯ominka era
Taiwanese doctors
“medical
modernists.”
modernist professional culture
decentralizing ethnicity
modern= human lives could be continually improved by
rational thinking and action
rationality and humanism
rational discipline that could escape political manipulation
shaped their interpretation of
Taiwanese tradition
They grew critical of their own ethnic
culture.
power of knowledge as the solution
knowledge and equality.
a belief that regardless of
their ethnicity, true scholars would respect one another
the colonized respectable and the colonizers respectful
personal success as a rare privilege in the
colonial society
taiwanese ethnicity
“fragmented consciousness"
admired and internalized
aspects of “Japaneseness,”
opponents of colonialism and militarism
personal life and
structural conditions
Taiwanese doctors attempted
to neutralize and depoliticize war time medicine in their narratives
to avoid recognizing their own involvement, however
indirect, in the war
the most prestigious professional
group
the most powerful native elite
middle and high-ranking positions in medical institutes
increased research
opportunities because of the war
better positions were still preserved
for the Japanese
substitutes
unequal
treatment based on ethnic identity
no se los llevaron hasta 1945
k¯ominka movement, a series of intensive
assimilation campaigns
Taiwan
Korea
1938
Taiwan
central role in the medical aspect of empire
importance in the political aspect of
empire building
Taiwan = center for research of tropical
medicine = basis for Japan’s southward advancement