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How important were ideas and ideology? (Socialism (Agrarian socialism (A…
How important were ideas and ideology?
Definition of ideology
Action-orientated: want to change the way something (eg the Russian government) should work
Collection of beliefs that link and group together
A system of ideas and ideals, especially one which forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy.
Definition of idea
A solitary belief (joined with other ideas it creates an ideology)
Liberalism
The most important idea is that the individual should be as free as possible
Suffrage
Constitutionalism
Set of rules laid down by the government to determine how the government governs (eg the justice system, the government shouldn't be allowed to arrest anyone without trials
Civil rights
Basic human rights to do with living together (eg freedom of speech)
Capitalism
Anyone can set up businesses and people can freely buy from them. The individual
Autocracy
Belief that there should be one sole ruler who has power over their subjects
Conservatism
Paternalism
Orthodoxy
Anti-liberal, serfdom very anti-liberal (no freedom, referring to serfs as a collective, not individually)
Socialism
Very political
People working together for the good of the collective
Agrarian socialism
A collective community based approach in rural parts of Russia. Shared workload and products
Didn't believe in revolution (though some parties which adopted the ideas of agrarian socialism did want revolution)
Trudoviks
Marxism
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Following the ideas of Karl Marx
Bougeois revolution
Marx believed this came before the proletariat revolution. There would be a period of bourgeois-democratic government ruled by wealthy businessmen which would allow the workers time to grow a class awareness and rise up
Proletariat revolution
Marx believed this would happen only after a period of bourgeois-democratic government. In 1903, the SDs split into Bolsheviks and Mensheviks over this. The Bolsheviks (under Lenin) thought that they should have the proletariat revolution first
Labourism/ Trade Unionism
Has links to socialism but this is less political, it is specifically about economics and improvements to working conditions
Trade unions working together to protests for improvements to working conditions/wages etc...
Before 1905, there were lots of workers' strikes with the aim to improve working conditions. After 1905, workers became more politicised and turned to socialism with the intention to change governance.
Communism
The last stage of Marx's Theory of History
Anarchism
Rejecting everything current in Russia, wanting a drastic overturn of governance
Populism
Acting on the interests of the people
Eg the Nardoniks who went to the people
Believed the commune was the road to a better society, believed in a peasant based socialism
Nihilism
Nothing is of any value