Congenital infections: cytomegalovirus, syphilis, rubella, herpes, toxoplasmosis, tuberculosis, HIV, malaria
Aneuploidies: triploidy, trisomies 13, 18, 21
Microdeletions: 4p-
Imprinting: Russell-Silver syndrome (chromosoms 7 and 11)
Genetic syndromes or malformations
Miltifetal pregnancy with discrepacy of fetal growth
(20-30% DC, 40% MC)