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Employee Well-Being (What is employee well-being? ((Why should…

- - - - o Improved productivity, quality of work, and overall morale and culture of the organisation
      - o Increased retention rates
      - o Better able to attract quality candidates
      - o More likely to avoid high costs associated with absenteeism, presenteeism, injury and illness
    - - o Research indicates employee well-being to be an outcome of the intersection of an employee’s work and family/life
      - o Where does work and family/life begin or end?
        
         Work: Any instrumental activity intended to provide goods and services to support life
        
         Family: Persons related by biological ties, marriage, social custom, or adoption
        
         Life: All activities and relationships that belong to work, family, and any other domain of one’s existence
    - -  Conflict: a form of inter-role conflict in which the role pressures from the work and family domains are mutually incompatible in some respect
      -  Enrichment: The extent to which experiences in one role (e.g. work) improve the quality of life in the other role” (e.g. family)
      -  Balance: The individual’s perception that work and non-work activities are compatible and promote growth in accordance with an individual’s current life priorities
- - - - o Time: When time used in performing one role minimises an individual’s ability to perform the other role
      - o Strain: When stressors in one role drains an individual’s mental/physical energy to perform the other role
      - o Behaviour: When behaviours required of one role are incompatible with behavioural expectations of the other role
    - - o Work-to-family conflict (W-F)
      - o Family-to-work conflict (F-W)
    - - o Family
        
         Instrumental: relief from family-related duties
        
         Emotional: encouragement and understanding
      - o Work
        
         Family supportive supervisor
        
         Family supportive organisational policies (e.g. flexitime, telework)
      - o Individual
        
         Coping strategies used by individuals (e.g. problem-focused, avoidance)
      - o Public policy
        
         Legislation pertaining to employee rights
- - - - o Instrumental and emotional assistance likely to be intertwined resulting in reduced F-W conflict
      - o This in turn is likely to positively impact on well-being
    - - o A family-supportive supervisor reduces the probability of W-F conflict, thus increasing well-being
      - o Complex relationships exist between organisational family supportive policies such as flexitime and telework and employee experiences of conflict and therefore, well-being
    - - o Likelihood of problem-focused coping to reduce conflict and thus increase well-being is a function of the degree of control an individual has in relation to a given life domain