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Digestive System Study Plan (Function (chemical digestion of food,…
Digestive System Study Plan
Function
chemical digestion of food
movement of food along the alimentarty canal
mechanical digestion of food
absorption of digested food and water into blood and lymph
ingestion of food and water
elimination of material that is not absorbed
Digestion
Mechanical
Digestive Juices
Salivary
Mouth
contains; salivary amylase
Gastric
stomach
contains; pepsin which breaks down proteins to polypeptides
Pancreatic
small intestine
contains; pancreatic amylase, pancreatic protease, pancreatic lipase
Intestinal
small intestine
contains; amylase, peptidases and lipase
Chemical
Teeth
after chewing, the food is formed by the tongue into round lumps, which then is swallowed
Peristalsis
contraction of successive bands of circular muscle of the constriction moves in a wave along the oesophagus, pushing the food in front of it
emulsification
mucus and salivary amalayse begin chemical digestion of starch, breaking large molecules into smaller molecules
Absorption of Nutrients
Villi
Structure
each villus 1mm long
inside villus is a lymph capillary which is surrounded by blood capillary
absorption occurs through diffusion and active transport
function
absorbs digested food
Factors affecting
SA:V
Concentration of enzyme
Concentration of substrate
pH
Temperature
Nutrients (chemical breakdown)
proteins
gastric protease to polypeptides
pancreatic protease to di-peptides
intestinal protease to amino acid
active transport to capillaries
fats/oils
pancreatic lipase to lipids
intestinal lipase to glycerol + fatty acids
Starch and complex carbs
broken down by salivary amylase to Polysaccharides
broken down by pancreatic amylase to Disacchardies
intestinal amylase to mono saccharides {glucose}
active transport to capillaries
Elimination
Role of Large Intestine
absorbs water and vitamins + stores faeces