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World Geography (Demography: study of human population patterns over time,…

- - - - Birth rate: High and fluctuating
        
        High infant mortality rates, no family planning, less medicine, less nutrition, children work land
      - Death rate: High and fluctuating
        
        Famine, disease, natural disasters
      - Natural increase: Low and stable
      - Low population
    - - Birth rate: High and fluctuating
        
        More medical care, family planning
      - Death rate: Falling rapidly
        
        More sanitation, decrease in infant mortality rates, better food production, better transportation
      - Natural increase: very rapid increase
      - Increasing population
    - - Birth rate: High and falling
        
        Economic development, children are expensive, no subsistent labor, children get educated
      - Death rate: Falling steadily
        
        More sanitation, decrease in infant mortality rates, better food production, better transportation
      - Natural increase: Steady increase
      - Increasing population
    - - Birth rate: Low
        
        Children and goods are expensive, contraception
      - Death rate: Low
        
        Capital investment in medical technology, healthy diet, healthy lifestyle
      - Natural increase: Stable or slow increase
      - Slowly increasing population
    - - Birth rates: Very low
      - Death rates: Low
      - Natural increase: Slow decrease
- - - - Absolute location: Uses latitude and longitude
      - Relative location: Where something is based on where you are (N, S, E, W)
    - - Physical or natural: Based on climate, landforms, vegetation, etc.
        
        Formal: Official, well defined, measurable characteristics
        
        Functional: Defined by interactions, things connected to center point
        
        Perceptual: Less defined, based on feelings and atitudes
  - - - Latitude: Latitude increases = temperature decreases
      - Closeness to large bodies of water: Water resists temperature change
      - Orographic Effect: Windward side is cool and moist. Leeward side is warm and dry.
      - Elevation: Higher elevation = cooler temperature
      - Ocean Currents: Warm currents = warmer climate. Cold currents = cooler climate.
- - - - United Nations Convention of the Law of the Seas (UNCLOS) Answered question about how much ocean a country could claim
        
        Territorial waters: 12 miles from shore
        
        Complete sovereignty
        
        Contiguous zone: 12-24 miles from coast
        
        Limited control to prevent/punish infringements of customs, fiscal, immigration or sanitary laws and regulations
        
        Innocent passage: Countries can pass through territorial waters
        
        Exclusive economic zone: 24-200 miles from shore
        
        All economic activities are part of that country
        
        International waters over 200 miles from shore
        
        Median line principle: Divide waters evenly if zones overlap