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Geography Terms (Major Geography (5 themes of geography (1) Location -…

- - - - Physical/ Natural: territory is separated due to natural features in the landscape.
        
        Ocean: Tell how much a country can rule on the waters that touch its borders
        
        Ocean Borders
        
        UNCLOS treaty: "the international law of the seas" was an agreement made by the 3rd UN, setting rules on how countries are allowed to expand their power in the seas.
        
        Territorial Waters: costal states have complete control up to 12 miles from their shore; you are still "standing" on the land
        
        Contiguous Zone: is a section of water starting from the edge of the territorial waters up to 24 miles from the coast. Security such as costal guards can be put up.
        
        Exclusive Economic Zone: a country can claim 200 miles of territory beyond its shorelines, so has control over that areas natural resources like fishing, oil exploitation.
        
        International Waters: outside of the 200 mile zone, the water is owned by everyone.
        
        Median-Line principle: if there is not enough space between 2 countries' 200 mile mark, they need to equally divide the section.
        
        The Economy : a system of production, consumption, and distribution
        
        Industrialization: the development of industries, building factories
        
        Globalization: businesses operate on an international scale
        
        Pros: Provides access to many goods, leading to lifting ppl out of poverty, and info can be spread more easily through technology.
        
        Cons: Low skilled jobs can disappear. Human rights and environmental protection are failed, so global warming and more greenhouse gases.
        
        Subsistence economy: an economy that relies on natural resources to survive
        
        Primary Sector: Economic activities that involve harvesting raw material; fishing, farming, mining
        
        Secondary Sector: Economic activities that involve turning raw materials into finished products of greater value; factories
        
        Tertiary sector: Economic activities that involve distributing goods and moving them around.
        
        Development
        
        More Developed Countries: The people live in safe conditions, and have a low infant mortality rate because there is no need for larger families. Steady birth rate. The older population has health care and there are enough workers to replace them.
        
        Less Developed Countries: Don't have much support from the govt, and have lots of disease. The infant mortality rate is high because of no health care, and many children are needed for labor work. Because of the high birth rate there is a scare food supply.
        
        Human Development Index: measures the life expectancy and education of countries by ranking them into 4 categories/tiers.
        
        Gross Domestic Product (GDP): calculates the total value of goods produced and services provided in a country, during 1 year. Equation: private consumption + gross investment + government investment + government spending + (exports – imports).
        
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- - - - Sovereignty: the complete authority to make decisions about what happens in a space
      - Refugee: a person who has been forced to leave their country in order to escape war, natural disasters, etc.
      - Asylum: the protection granted by another nation to someone who has left their native country
      - Ethnonationalism: the advocacy or support of an ethnic groups national independence and security.
- - - - GDP per person (capita): its useful when comparing one country to another, because it shows the relative performance of countries. Equation: GDP- # of ppl in that country
- - - - Infant Mortality Rate: is the number of deaths among born children (18 months)
    - - Birth Rate: the number of live births per 1000