Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Sleep, metabolism and the brain (Alzheimer's (AD) (associated symptoms…
Sleep, metabolism and the brain
Sleep regulation
orexin
regulates
food intake
energy/glucose metabolism
orexin and OX2R KO
glucose intolerance
severe obesity
insulin resistance
narcolepsy
transgenic mice overexpressing orexin did not develop these symptoms
OXA in endocrine pancreas, released from islets
extracellular glucose modulates release
OXA affects pancreatic hormone secretion
OXA modulates plasma glucose
wakefulness
receptors
OX2R: strong wakefulness state
OXB receptors
OX1R /OX2R: inhibit REM sleep
OXA receptors
importance
orexin KO severely narcoleptic
OX2R KO clearly narcoleptic
changes in level reflect individual's activity
increase when awake
decrease when asleep
after enough food is consumed, levels decrease
orexin as a hormone and neuromodulator
melatonin regulates
energy balance
circadian rhythm
insulin secretion
Alzheimer's (AD)
associated symptoms include
sleep disorders
used to be considered a biproduct of neurodegeneration
sleep disorder now leading cause of AD
two main actors in progression
extracellular: amyloid ß --> amyloid plaques
interfere with interneuron communication
intracellular: tau protein --> neurofibrillary tangles
blocks nutrient and NT passage between nucleus and synapse
pathology from neuronal breakdown in sleep-regulating brain areas and pathways
hypothalamus in particular: role in sleep/wake switch
chronic sleep disturbance facilitates Aß deposition
Aß pathology causes sleep disturbances