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AA factors (AA's themselves (Booker T Washington (Tuskegee institute…
AA factors
AA's themselves
Booker T Washington
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HOWEVER...
- Atlanta Compromise of 1895 accepted racial segregation and white political rule - S/P
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Ida B Wells
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HOWEVER...
- failed to get federal backing
Marcus Garvey
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HOWEVER...
- discredited when met with KKK
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NAACP used court rulings leading to e.g. Brown V BOE - S and political rights such as Smith V Allright (1944)
MLK
- Montgomery bus boycott 1955-6 led to Browder V Gale (1956)
- Birmingham 1963 = Mass media attention
- March on Washington = CR act 1964
- Selma 1965 = 1965 Voting rights act
By the end of 1962, 810 towns and cities had desegregated public areas
HOWEVER...
Martin Luther King’s Chicago Campaign in 1966 highlighted the housing problems in the city, but did little to solve them
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Jesse Jackson
unsuccessful bids to win the democratic presidential nomination in 1984 and 1988 as part of the Rainbow coalition helped to unite AA's
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Whites
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Spring field riot 1908 after 84 year old AA man lynched for being married to white woman for 32 years
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There were riots id AA's were promoted - e.g. in Mobile, Alabama, 50 people were injured in riots after 12 AA welders were promoted in May 1943 - E
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States
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Grandfather clauses, poll taxes, property qualifications, literacy tests and white-only primaries prevented AA's from voting - P
In 1947, only 12% of African Americans were registered to vote
Media
Portrayed AA's as lazy, untrustworthy = inclined support for Jim Crowe - S this also led to less employers wanting them - E
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Raised awareness for racial violence after murder of Emmett Till in 1955, little rock in 1957, Birmingham in 1963 and after beating of Rodney King in 1991, Selma in 1965
During the Cold war (1947-91) the media increased negative opinion towards socialists and their policies such as employment programmes, which made it harder for the fed govt to implement these policies
Black panthers
- 10 point programme (1967) inc housing, education and fairer juries - S
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