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atomic structure and the periodic table (compounds (It’s usually difficult…
atomic structure and the periodic table
isotopes
Relative atomic mass is the average mass taking into account the different masses of abundance and outs of all the isotopes that makes up the element
So isotopes have the same atomic number but different mass numbers
Different forms of the same element which have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
atoms
In an ion the number of protons doesn’t equal the number of electrons this means it has an overall charge for example an iron with two charge electrons and protons
The charge on the electrons is the same size as the charge on the protons but opposite so the charges cancell out
This is because they have the same number of protons as electrons
Atoms are neutral they have no charge overall unlike ions
The atomic number tells you how many protons there are
The mass number tells you the total number of protons and neutrons in the atom
The nuclear symbol for an atom tells you its atomic proton number and mass number
To get the number of neutrons just subtract the atomic number from the mass number
compounds
It’s usually difficult to separate the original element from a compound out again a chemical reaction is needed to do this
A compound which is formed from a metal and a non-metal consists of irons the metal atoms lose electrons to form positive irons and the nonmetal atoms gain electrons to form negative ions the opposite charges of the owners means that they strongly attracted to this is called ionic bonding examples of compounds which are bonded ionically include sodium chloride magnesium oxide and calcium oxide
Making bonds involves atoms given away taken or sharing electrons only the electrons involved the nuclei of the atom aren’t affected at all when a bond is made
A compound Phone trim and nonmetals consist of molecules each atom shares and electrons with other at this it’s called Konvalin bonding examples of compounds that are bonded conveniently include hydrogen chloride gas carbon monoxide and water
Compounds of the substances phoned went to a more elements of the atom of each are in fix proportions for at the compound and they are held together by chemical bonds
The properties of a compound are usually totally different from the properties of an original element
When elements react atoms combine with another atom to form compounds
elements
If a subsistence only contains atoms with the same number of protons it is called an element
So all the atoms of a particular element e.g. nitrogen have the same number of protons and different elements have atoms with different numbers of protons
For example an atom with one proton in its nucleus is hydrogen and atom of two protons is helium
That are about 100 different elements each element consists of only one type of atom
Atoms can have different numbers of protons neutrons and electrons it’s a number of protons in the nucleus that decides what type of atom it is