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conservation of biodiversity (part 5) (key features of successful release…
conservation of biodiversity (part 5)
captive breeding programmes
factors that influence decisions about captive breeding and release programmes:
is the wild population threatened?
is there a genetically diverse captive population?
is in-situ conservation being successful?
is keeping a captive population realistic?
is release into the wild likely to be successful, now or in the future?
keeping species in captivity
habitat size - some species need large habitats so its difficult to keep them in captivity
food requirements - some have food that can be easily provided
species interrelationships - complicated
financial constraints - keeping animals in zoos is expensive
factors that decrease success for captive breeding programmes
conditions for breeding -
population interactions and breeding success
breeding habitat
gene pool size
hybridisation - breeding with closely related species that may not have naturally met in the wild
methods of increasing breading success
cryopreservation
- freezing of embryos, eggs and sperm - easier to transport and to use in future
artificial insemination
- collection of semen from a male and its insertion into a female to produce offspring
embryo transfer
- female is treated with hormones so releases a large number of eggs - eggs are washed out the uterus and fertilised with sperm - female can produce many eggs on each ovulation and could do so every 3 weeks
micro-propagation of plants
- tissue culture where many clusters of cells can be produced from a single plant or tissue sample
cloning
- production of embryos by transferring the nucleus from a stem cell of the endangered species into an empty egg cell of a closely related species - egg is implanted into a female of the closely related species - baby animal of endangered species
key features of successful release programmes
large enough suitable habitat
reliable food supplies
low predation risk
suitable breeding sites
water
support of the local human population
official support - legal protection
hard release
- releasing individuals with no post release support
soft release
- releasing individuals with post release support
seed banks
store seeds of wild plants so that the species would not become globally extinct if they became extinct in the wild