Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

chemistry paper 1 (c1 (group 0 noble gasses (very stable, colourless,…

- - - - can be used to separate a mixture of inks
    - - used to separate ethanol and water because they have different boiling points
        
        the ethanol will evaporate first moving down the condenser and forming liquid again when it reaches the beaker
        
        the water remains in the round flask as long as the temperature does not exceed the boiling point of the water
      - this method can be used to separate any liquids with different boiling points
    - - can be used to dissolve salt
        
        then filter
        
        then evaporate to separate salt crystals
  - - - he performed the scattering experiment which proved that this was wrong
  - - - its protons remain the same
- - - - iron oxide
      - magnesium oxide
  - - - magnesium + copper sulphate.>>magnesium sulphate +copper
  - - - magnesium
      - aluminium
      - potassium
      - oxidation is the loss of electrons
      - reduction is the gain of electrons
      - passing an electric current through an electrolyte will cause the ions to move the particles move to the cathode and the negative particles move to the anode because opposits attract
      - anode
        
        negative electrode
      - cathode
        
        positive electrode
    - - iron
      - lead
  - - - metal carbonate+acid.>>>>salt+carbon dioxide+water
    - - metal oxide+acid>>>salt+water
  - - - squeaky pop
    - - relights glowing splint
    - - bubble through lime water and it goes cloudy
    - - bleaches blue litmus paper
- - - - when many positive and negative ions are joined together giant ionic compounds are formed where each molecule is held n place by strong electromagnetic forces.
  - - - examples
        
        diamound
        
        a giant covalent structure made up of only carbon atoms
        
        silicon dioxde
        
        a giant covalent structure made of silicon and oxygen
        
        graphite
        
        carbon atoms arranged in a layered structure
  - - - in a liquid the particles are close together but can move in any direction
    - - in a gas the particles are very far apart and can move in any direction
    - - the particles are in a fixed vibrating in a position. The atoms are held together with strong forces and the particles are very close together
  - - - steel
      - gold mixed with copper
  - - - they are used for jobs such as drug delivery
      - lubricants
      - a carbon nanotube
- - - - therefore the total amount of energy remains the same before and after a reaction
    - - energy must be supplied in order to break bonds
        
        energy is then realesed when new bonds are formed
- - - - displacement reactions are exothermic
      - neutralisation reactions are exothermic
    - - the soultions used
    - - how different variables effect changes in a solution
  - - - carbonate or oxide used
    - - how to make a pure dry sample of soluble salt from an insoluble carbonate or oxide
    - - heat the solution filter the heat again order to evaporate any liquid
        
        results
        
        hydrochloric acid makes metal chlorides
        
        sulphuric acid makes metal sulphates
        
        nitric acid makes metal nitrates
  - - - the solutions used
    - - how different solutions behave when electrolyisised
    - - if the metal is more reactive than hydrogen then hydrogen is produced at the negative electrode(cathode)
      - negatively charged ions such as oxide ions or chlorine ions move to the anode(positively charged electrode)
        
        positive metal ions move to the negatively charged electrode the cathode