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HPA (Catecholamines (Metabolic effects (Adrenaline (increases glycogen…

- - - - increases glycogen breakdown
      - gluconeogenesis
      - lipolysis
      - increases release of aa, lactate and pyruvate
  - - - Increased cardiac output.
      - Increased respiration.
      - Decreased blood flow to kidney, skin, gastrointestinal mucosa, veins.
      - Increased blood flow to heart, skeletal muscle.
  - - - sympathetic nervous system compensates for cardiovascular regulation
      - other counter regulatory hormones compensate for metabolic effects e.g.glucagon,cortisol,Gh
    - - Phaeochromocytoma – benign tumour (fatal if not treated)
        
        Severe hypertension
        
        Tachycardia, anxiety, headache, tremour, sweating.
        
        Neuroblastoma (malignant tumour)
- - - - Oxytocin secretion takes place in spurts
      - These spurts increase until time of delivery
      - Such spurts provide an amplifying mechanism for labour
      - This is an example of a positive feedback loop!