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IR Ch 4: The Post Cold War World (The USA's Unipolar Moment: 1991-2001…
IR Ch 4: The Post Cold War World
Overview
Aims
Impact of the end of the Cold War on
Russia
China
Europe
Global South
Effects of the War on Terror on modern society
The USA's Unipolar Moment 1991 to 2001
Learning Outcomes
Explain the US' power as the sole global superpower after the fall of the USSR
Assess the position of the 4 in the post-cold war world
Impact of the war on international norms
Vocab terms
Essential Reading
BSO Ch 15
BSO Ch 26 - Regionalism in IR
BSO Ch 4 - From the end of the cold war to the new global era
GCR - Hegemeony
Synopsis
US Unipolarity
Multilateral Global Governance
WTO
expansion of the EU and NATO
US unipolarity followed the decade after 1991
Communist Shift
Asian Communists Adopt Capitalism
Former Soviet states joined NATO and the EU
World Identity
Global South sees widespread change
More liberal economic policies
Several states collapse
European from Bipolarity to EU & NATO Identity
War on Terror (WoT) Changes International Society
US foreign policy
More likelihood of
Great Power Intervention
Shift from Multilateralism to Unilateralism
undermining non-intervention, sovereignty and integrity
US adopts behaviours that were once against International norms
Whatever happened to the Global South?
International Society and the war on Terror
Great Powers in Pos-Cold War Int'l Society
:one:
The USA's Unipolar Moment: 1991-2001
US Influence on Norms and Practices
The US used its influence to push for several goals
It encouraged former Soviet states to encourage democratic reforms :
it encouraged its allies to form more robust Int'l orgs and supported NATO & EU expansion
allow markets rather than gov'ts to set prices and wages
remove govt barriers to int'l trade and investment
It forced aid recepients to sell off owned assets
The spread of Capitalism & the creation of the
WTO
Bandwagoning
: Unipolarity encourages states to mirror the hegemon
The Presidency of 🇺🇸Bill Clinton 1993-2001
It's foreign policy focused on
Multilateralism
to resolve conflicts
It sought to allay fears of former adversaries and reassure its allies
it participated in the UN actively
The US worked actively within the global governance organisations - albeit sometimes grudgingly
The USSR collapsed into its 15 constituent republics
Rise of the USA
USA became the world's only superpower
Several states including 4 P5 Nations had nukes
But these were nowhere near the firepower of the USA
Not to mention the economic and socio-cultural power
Despite a massive military, economy and Hollywood, the US was quite restrained
The 🇺🇸US avoided direct involvement in various regional crises
It was even criticised for its inaction
🇪 🇷 The United States & the Unipolar Moment
The :flag-us:US - an
'indispensable'
power.
By 2000, the US:flag-us: was more a hyperpower than a superpower:-
:one:
John Mearsheimer
:Missing the cold war
:two:
Paul Kennedy
: Downward US future
:three:
Hubert Vedrine
: US a
'hyperpower'
