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conservation of biodiversity (part 2) (ecosystem services (habitat…
conservation of biodiversity (part 2)
centres of diversity
countries in which had high concentrations of the close relatives of important crop species
gene pool problems
gene pool = total number of different genes present in all individuals in a population of a particular species
desirability of a large gene pool means that conserving a few representatives of each species is not enough
each region is likely to have some genes that are unique to that area . these will exist because of the need to be adapted to the specific local conditions in each region
to protect all the genes in the gene pool, each species should be protected over its entire range, not just in a few convenient areas
ecosystem services
atmospheric conditions
abiotic and biotic processes act to cancel each other out = dynamic equilibrium
for ex; concentration of co2 and o2 are largely regulated by photosynthesis and aerobic respiration
the hydrological cycle
evapotranspiration from vegetation produces a large amount of the water vapour that forms cloud, controls surface temp and increases precipitation
biogeochemical cycles
living organisms involved in carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycles
many of these are done by microbes such as bacteria and fungi - without these cycles, waste products would build up and important nutrient resources would become depleted
soil maintenance
soil - growth and survival of plants, regulate water cycles, reduce flood
involves fungi and bacteria - decomposition - organic matter and humus = hold soil together - decomposition = produce more soil, release nutrients
interspecies relationships
organisms reliant on each other to survive for food etc
pollination
dispersion of seeds by animals
habitat provision
trees provide nests for birds
hermit crabs live inside the shells of dead molluscs
threats to biodiversity
food
fashion
pets and entertainment
furniture and ornaments
traditional medicines
oils
eradication of predators and competitors
animals that threaten humans - sharks, crocs
pathogen vectors - malaria mosquitos
predators of livestock - wolves
agricultural pests - insects, birds
wild herbivores that eat crops/compete with livestock - rabbits
forestry pests - wood boring beetles, deer