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acid and bases &strong acids weak acids and their reactions (acids can…
acid and bases &strong acids weak acids and their reactions
the ph goes from 1-14
2) the lower the pH of a solution the more acidic it is the higher the pH of a solution the more alkaline it is
3) a neutral substance has pH7
1) the pH scale is a measure of how acidic or alkaline a solution is
you can measure the ph of a solution
an indicator is a dye that changes colour depending on whether its above or below a certain pH some indications contain a mixture of dyes that means they gradually change colour over a broad range of pH of a solution for example universal indicator gives the colours shown above
2) a pH probe attached to a ph meter can also be used to measure ph electronically the probe is placed in the solution you are measuring and the ph is given on a digital display as a numerical value meaning its more accurate than an indicator
acids and bases neutralise each other
3) an alkali is base that dissolves in water to form a solution with a ph greater than 7 alkalis from OH- ions in water
acid =base--> salt + water
2) base is any substance that will react with an acid to form a salt
H+ + OH- ---> H2O
1) an acid is a substance tat forms an aqueous solution with a ph of less than 7
when an acid neutralises a base the product are neutral ie they have a ph of 7 an indicator can be used to show that a neutralisation reaction is over
acids can be strong or weak
3) the ionisation of a weak acid is a reversible reaction which set up an equilibrium between the undissociated and dissociated acid since only a few of the acid particles released H+ ions the position of equilibrium lies well to the left.
weak acid CH3COOH ---><--- H+ + CH3COO-
2) weak acid do not fully ionise in solution only a small proportion of acid particles dissociate to release H+ ions
4) the ph of an acid or alkali is measure of the concentration of H+ ions in the solution
strong acid ; HCI ---> H+ + CL-
5) for every decrease of 1 on the ph scale the concentration of H+ ions increase by a factor of 10 so an acid has a ph of 4 has 10 times the concentration of H+ ions of an acid that has a ph of 5
1) strong acid ionise completely in water all the acid particles dissolved to release H+ ions
Dont confuse strong acids with concentration acids
3) the larger the mount of acid there is in a certain volume of liquid the more concentrated the acid is
2) the concentration of an acid is different concentration measures how much acid there is in a certain volume of water concentration is basically how watered down your acid is
1) acid strength tells you what proportions of the acid molecules ionise in water