Coasts revision
Swash
The processes
Waves
Erosion
Transportion
Deposition
When material is broken down
Where eroded material is moved to another place
When eroded material is deposited
What gives them strength?
Wind speed
Wind direction
If it blows in the direction of the wave it will be pushed, otherwise it will be slowed
It pushes the waves
Fetch
The more the waves travel, the more energy it has
The movement of sediment along the coast
Backwash
The movement of sediment towards the coast.
Longshore drift lanforms
Tombolos
Spits
Hard and soft engineering
Hard
Soft
Expensive, manmade, durable
Cheap, natural, less durable
Sea walls, groynes...
Beach nourishment
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Hydraulic action. Air becomes trapped in joints and cracks in a cliff. When a wave hits, the trapped air is compressed which weakens the cliff
Abrasion. Sediment in waves grind down cliff surfaces like sandpaper.
Attrition. Waves smash rocks and pebbles on the shore into each other, and they break.
Solution. Acids contained in sea water will dissolve some types of rock such as chalk or limestone.
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Solution. Minerals and small bits are dissolved in sea water and carried in solution. The material is invisible.
Suspension. Small particles are carried in water, eg silts and clays, which makes the water look cloudy.
Saltation. Load is bounced along the sea bed. .
Traction. Pebbles and larger sediment are rolled along the sea bed.