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reflexes & investigation reaction time & the endocrine system (the…
reflexes & investigation reaction time & the endocrine system
reflexes help prevent injuries
reflexes are rapid automatic responses to certain stimuli that don't involve the conscious part of the brain they can reduce the chances of being injured
for example if someone shines a bright light in your eyes your pupils automatically get smaller so that less light gets into your eyes
or if you get a shock your body releases a hormone adrenaline automatically it doesn't wait for you to decide that you're shocked
the passages of information in a reflex is called a reflex arc
the reflex arc goes through the central nervous system
4) when the impulse reach a synapse between the sensory between the relay neurones and a motor neurone the same things happens chemicals are released and cause impulses to be sent along the motor neuron
5) the impulse then travel along the motor neurones to the effectors
3) when the impulse reach a synapse between the sensory neurone and a relay neutron they triggered chemicals to be released these chemicals causes impulses to be sent along the replay neutrons
6) the muscles then contacts and moves your hand away from the bee
2) when a stimulus is detected by receptors impulses are sent along a sensory neurone to the cns
7)because you don't have to think about the response its quicker than normal response
1)the neurones in reflex arcs go through the spinal cord or through an unconscious part of the brain
relay neutrons connect sensory neurones to motor neurones
3) impulse travels along a sensory neurone
4) impulses are passed along a replay neurone via a synapse
2) stimulation of painreceptors
5) impulses travel along a motor neurone via s synapse
1) bee stings finger
6) when impulse reach muscles t contracts
you can measure reaction time
6) the person being tested should then have a caffeinated drink after 10 mins repeat steps 1-5
5) repeat the test several times then calculate he mean distance that the ruler fell
4)reaction time is measured by the number on the ruler where its caught the further its caught the slower the reaction time
3)the person tested should try to catch the ruler as quickly as they can as soon as it falls
2) hold a ruler vertically between their thumb and forefingers make sure that zero end of the ruler is level with their thumb and fingers then lets go with out any warning
1) the person being tested should sit with their arm resting on the edge of a table
7) you need to control any variables to make sure that this is a fair test
8) too much caffeine can cause unpleasant side effects so the person being tested should avoid drinking any more caffeine for the rest of the day after the experiment is completed
reaction time can be measured using a computer
3) as the computer can record the reaction time in milliseconds it can also give a more accurate measurements
4) using a computer can also remove the possibility that the person can predict when to respond using the ruler test the catcher may learn to anticipate the drop by reading the testers body language
2)computer can give a more precise reaction time because they remove the possibility of human error from the measurements
1) simple computer test can also be used to measure reaction time
hormones are chemical messengers sent in the blood
3) hormones control things in organs and cells that need constant adjustments
4) hormones are produced in various glands these glands make up your endocrine system
2) they are carried in the blood to other parts of the body bit only affects particular cells in particular organs
5) hormones tend t0 have relatively long lasting effects
1) hormones are chemical molecules released directly into the blood
endocrine glands are found in different places in the body
testes
produce testosterone which controls puberty and sperm production in males
thyroid
this is produces thyroxine which is involved in regulating things like rate of metabolism heart rate and temperature
ovaries
produce oestrogen which is involved in the menstrual cycle
adrenal gland
this produces adrenaline which is used to prepare the body for a fight or flight response
pituitary gland
1) the pituitary gland produces many hormones that regulate body conditions
2) it is sometimes called the master gland because these hormones act on other glands directing them to release hormones that bring about changes
pancreases
this produces insulin which is used to regale the blood glucose level