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Charles I 1625-49 (Personality (Poor communication skills., Belief in…
Charles I 1625-49
Personality
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Belief in Divine Right-he saw parliaments “privileges” or rights, to be subject to approval of the monarch- not to exist independently of the monarchs wishes.
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Shy; had small group of 'friends' after Buckingham's death, his wife had a huge influence over him
Petition of Right 1628
Charles was forced to call Parliament for third time after finance were wiped out after La Rochelle. Parliament led impeachment proceedings against Buckingham
Promised five subsidies if he signed the Petition. Would restrict Charles' royal prerogative; illegal for Charles to raise taxes without P consent, imprison citizens within just cause
Charles accepted with of intent of not following the petition and dissolved P and issued his own revise copy of the Petition
It was seen as a direct challenge to the existence of P as it asserted Charles' right to collect Tonnage and Poundage for life, while also giving him authority to imprison under emergency powers.
Imprisoned a merchant in the Prerogative Court of the Star Chamber after he refused to pay Tonnage and Poundage that wasn't granted by P.
Original Petition offered a chance of reconciliation, but Charles actions with publishing new edition destroyed any hopes
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Cadiz 1625
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Caused public resentment. Parliament began impeachment proceedings against Buckingham. Charles dissolved P
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Forced Loan 1626
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Was an emergency measure, forced 'gift' from all taxpayers. Refusal meant imprisonment
Financially, was successful it raised £250'000. Charles saw that P wasn't necessary in raising finances.
Caused Five Knights' Case. Political oppo saw it as a challenged to the law and P existence. Justice Carew refused to except its legality and resigned- show opposition Charles created in own court
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Five Knights' Case 1627
Group of five knights refused to pay forced loan. So were imprisoned by Charles, they sued for release under habeaus corpus
Charles claimed he could imprison the under Divine Right; which gave him emergency powers of arrest.
Resulted in major confrontation from 1628 P, with both Commons and Lords infuriated over his actions.
La Rochelle 1627-28
Invasion led by Buckingham to assist French Protestants of La Rochelle. 3'000 troops died in the siege.
Parliament blamed Buckingham's inability. Charles and Buckingham blamed Parliament for not providing financial support
Increased divide between Charles and Parliament; both sides were to blame for the failure. But Buckingham was key in widening divides.