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Biological Approach to Personality & Evolutionary Psychology…
Biological Approach to Personality & Evolutionary Psychology
Heridetability
Behavioral Genetics
: Also called inheritance of genetics studies. Galton- Eugenetics- Usually uses twins or familiar studies or adoption studies.
Additive Model of heritability
: genes + environment = 100% of the variance in behaviour. Nowadays there are more models dominant(v/s) or the epistatic model(AxB)
e.g When testing for Neuroticism Identacl twins (MZ)get 0,39 - fraternal twins (DZ) get 0.09.; then h2 = 2(.30) = .60 = 60%
Riemann et al. (1997)
Biological Authors
1
Eyseck Heritability Model(1967)
: one of the first to attempt to link biology to personality.
Ascending reticular activating system
(ARAS) SEE DIAGRAM ON NOTEBOOK.
2
GRAY'S BAS/BIS reinforcement sensitivity theory.
It started as a modification to Eynseck system but now it is believed an alternative proposal.
Behavioral Approach System
: causes the individual to be sensitive to potential reward and seek them. (Impulsive/ not impulsive)
Behavioral Inhibition System:
comprises motivation to avoid. Make the individual sensitive ti punishment or danger. (anxious/non anxious)
3
Cloninger's biological model of personality.
: it involves 7 traits. His findings are build up combining family, psychometric and pharmacology.
Character
: not biological but relate to how individual perceive themselves in the world.
Self-transcendence
Cooperativeness
Self-directedness
Temperament
: more interesting from a personality perspective. biologically based organised as independent brain systems that transmit nerve impulses by neurotransmitters
Persistence
Reward dependence
Harm avoidance
Novelty-seeking
Evolutionary Psychology:
is a sub-field of Darwin's theory of evolution. it studies behaviours that serve a propose for our survival and proliferation.
Domain specific
: serve a specific aspect of our life. (e.g. mate)
Numerous
: e.g. how to live together has more than one solution
Functional
: Serve a propose
Example: Buss's Nine Hypothesis on Sexual mating
. Also considerate how they change from nearthental to modern man
ID that are use to solve this
problems.
Another contribution is that It describes the psychological mechanism that
evolve to address this problems
Buss theory of personality
: used the five factor model to solve the living in groups problem e.g. conscientiousness and agreeableness
Mayor contribution is It pointed to the mayor goals in humans and problems that need to
be address