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investigating enzymes ructions& enzymes and digestion &more on it
investigating enzymes ructions& enzymes and digestion &more on it
effect on ph on enzyme activity
4) next use a different syringe toad 5cm 3 of a starch solution to the boiling tube
5) immiadetly mix the contents of the boiling tube and start a stop clock.
3) using a syringe to add icm3 of amylase solution and 1cm3 of a buffer solution with a ph. of 5 to a boiling tube using a test tube holder put the tube into a beaker of water and wait for five minuets .
6)use continuous sampling to record how long it takes for the amylase to break down all of the starch to do this use a dropping pipette to take a fresh sample from t he boiling tube every 30 seconds and put a drop into a well when the iodine solution remains brownie orange starch is no longer present.
2)place a Bunsen burner on a heat proof matt and a tripod and gauze over the Bunsen burner put a beaker of water on top of the tripod and heat the water until 35.c keeping the water temprichure constant.
7)repeat this whole experiment with buffer solution of different ph values to see how the ph affects the time taken for the starch to be broken down
1)put a drop of iodine solution into every well of a spotting tile
8) remember the control variables concentration of the volume of amylase solution to make it a fair test.
the enzymes analyse catalyse the breakdown of starch to maltose its easy to detect starch using iodine solution if starch is present the iodine solution will change from brownie orange to blue black
calculate the rate of reaction
rate =1000/time
if an experiment measures how much something changes over time you calculate the rate of reaction by dividing the amount that it has changed by the time taken.
calculate the rate of reaction after the experiment
enzymes and digestion
carbohydrates convert carbohydrates into smaller sugars
1) the salivary glands
2) the pancreases
3) the small intestine
protease converts protein into amino acids
1) the stomach
2) the pancrease
3) the small intestine
digesting enzymes break down big molecules
STARCH,PROTEIN and FATS are BIG molecules they are too big to pass through the walls of the digestive system so the digestion enzymes break these big molecules down into smaller ones like sugars amino acids and fatty acids the smaller soluble molecules can pass easily through the walls of the digestive system
lipases convert lipids into glycerol and fatty acids
1) the pancrease
2) the small intestine
the body makes good use of the products of digestion they can be used to make new carbohydrates protein and lipids
liver
where bile is produced bile neutralises stomach acids and emulsifies fats
gall bladder
where bile is stored before its into the small intestine
gullet
(oesophagus)
large intestine
where excess water is absorbed from the food
salivary glands
these produce amylase enzymes
rectum
where the faeces are stored before they bid you a food farewell through the anus
2)different enzymes catalyse the break down of different food molecules
small intestine
1) produces protease amylase and lipase enzymes to complete digestion
2) digested food is absorbed out of the digestive system into the blood
1) enzymes used in the digestive system are produces by specialist cells in glands and in the gut lining
pancreases
produces protein amylase and lipases enzymes it releases these into the small intestine
stomach
it pummels the food with its muscular walls
it produces the protease enzymes pepsin
it produces hydrochloric acids for 2 reasons
to kill bacteria
bile neutralises the stomach acids and emulsifies
the hydrochloric acid in the stomach makes the ph too acidic for the enzymes in the small intestine to work properly bile is alkaline it neutralises the acid and makes conditions alkaline the enzymes in the small intestine work best in these alkali conditions
it emulsified fats in other words it breaks that fat into tiny droplets this gives a much bigger surface area of fats for the enzymes lipase to work on
bile is produced n the liver its stored in the gall bladder before its released into the small intestine